ReviewMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2018
Aging and lymphocyte changes by immunomodulatory therapies impact PML risk in multiple sclerosis patients.
Review in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disease-modifying therapies and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2021Pooled it
- Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of Dimethyl Fumarate in Patients with MS: Results from the ESTEEM Phase 4 and PROCLAIM Phase 3 Studies with a Focus on Older Patients.Advances in therapy · 2025Trial
- Extensive peripheral immunoglobulin repertoire analyses in people with multiple sclerosis reveal disease-specific signatures and distinct treatment effects of disease modifying drugs.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Diminishing returns of disease-modifying treatment in older participants of multiple sclerosis clinical trials.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Impact of Age on Switching or Stopping Disease Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- JCV-specific cell-based assays for PML risk assessment in lupus and multiple sclerosis patients with and without natalizumab.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Neuroimmunological Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Impact of Immune System Aging on Infectious Diseases.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Immunosenescence and vaccine efficacy revealed by immunometabolic analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific cells in multiple sclerosis patients.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Multiple sclerosis in the elderly: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Immunosenescence and multiple sclerosis: inflammaging for prognosis and therapeutic consideration.Frontiers in aging · 2023Review
- Impact of aging on treatment considerations for multiple sclerosis patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Immune aging in multiple sclerosis is characterized by abnormal CD4 T cell activation and increased frequencies of cytotoxic CD4 T cells with advancing age.EBioMedicine · 2022Article
- Ponesimod in the Treatment of Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis: An Update on the Emerging Clinical Data.Degenerative neurological and neuromuscular disease · 2022Review
- Autoreactive lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis: Pathogenesis and treatment target.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in dimethyl fumarate-treated multiple sclerosis patients.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2022Review
- Combined Therapy of Vitamin D3-Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells and Interferon-β in a Preclinical Model of Multiple Sclerosis.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Evaluation of Age-Dependent Immune Signatures in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule Expressing Helper T Cells in CNS Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Safety of Ocrelizumab in Patients With Relapsing and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
New potent immunomodulatory therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) are associated with increased risk for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). It is unclear why a subset of treated patients develops PML, but patient age has emerged as an important risk factor. PML is caused by the JC virus and aging is associated with immune senescence, which increases susceptibility to infection. With the goal of improving PML risk stratification, we here describe the lymphocyte changes that occur with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) associated with high or moderate risk toward PML in MS patients, how these changes compare to immune aging, and which measures best correlate with risk. We reviewed studies examining how these therapies alter patient immune profiles, which revealed the induction of changes to lymphocyte number and/or function that resemble immunosenescence. Therefore, the immunosuppressive activity of these MS DMTs may be enhanced in the context of an immune system that is already exhibiting features of senescence.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.