ArticleHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2018
Healthcare Cost and Utilization in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Real-World Data From a Large U.S. Claims Database.
Article in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06328452 (Risk Factors and Impact of Metabolic Dysfunction -Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 75 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Risk Factors and Impact of Metabolic Dysfunction -Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of gut microbial therapy on lipid profile in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an umbrella meta-analysis study.Systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Meta-analysis: prevalence of, and risk factors for, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Helicobacter pylori Infection and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2022Pooled it
- AGA Clinical Practice Update on Bariatric Surgery in Cirrhosis: Expert Review.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2021Guideline
- A new nutraceutical (Livogen Plus®) improves liver steatosis in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Trial
- Effects of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on the Inpatient Outcomes of Patients Admitted for Atrial Fibrillation: An Analysis from the National Inpatient Sample Database (NIS 2016-2019).Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Predictive modeling and clinical decision tools for risk stratification in steatotic liver disease.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Review
- Racial Disparities in Mortality Rates among Patients with Hepatic Steatosis, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Insights from NHANES III Data.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- The global cardiovascular-liver-metabolic syndemic: epidemiology, trends and challenges.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Comparison Between Helpful and Missing Resources Identified by Patients with End-Stage Liver Disease and Their Caregivers: A Content Analysis.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Article
- Cost Effectiveness of Diagnosis and Screening Methods in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review.International journal of preventive medicine · 2026Review
- Future burden of MASLD in the United States: A state-level forecasting study, 2022-2050.Hepatology forum · 2026Article
- Development of a novel deep learning method that transforms tabular input variables into images for the prediction of SLD.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a scoring system to predict MASLD patients with significant hepatic fibrosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- The hepatocellular model of fatty liver disease: from current imaging diagnostics to innovative proteomics technologies.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Costs associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis disease progression in Medicare patients: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2024Article
- Patients with atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus affected by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease have a greater risk of mortality and worse clinical outcomes.Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism · 2024Article
- Article
- Estimating the economic impact of comorbidities in patients with MASH and defining high-cost burden in patients with noncirrhotic MASH.Hepatology communications · 2024Observational
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing. The health care burden resulting from the multidisciplinary management of this complex disease is unknown. We assessed the total health care cost and resource utilization associated with a new NAFLD diagnosis, compared with controls with similar comorbidities. We used OptumLabs Data Warehouse, a large national administrative claims database with longitudinal health data of over 100 million individuals enrolled in private and Medicare Advantage health plans. We identified 152,064 adults with a first claim for NAFLD between 2010 and 2014, of which 108,420 were matched 1:1 by age, sex, metabolic comorbidities, length of follow-up, year of diagnosis, race, geographic region, and insurance type to non-NAFLD contemporary controls from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse database. Median follow-up time was 2.6 (range 1-6.5) years. The final study cohort consisted of 216,840 people with median age 55 (range 18-86) years, 53% female, 78% white. The total annual cost of care per NAFLD patient with private insurance was $7,804 (interquartile range [IQR] $3,068-$18,688) for a new diagnosis and $3,789 (IQR $1,176-$10,539) for long-term management. These costs are significantly higher than the total annual costs of $2,298 (IQR $681-$6,580) per matched control with similar metabolic comorbidities but without NAFLD. The largest increases in health care utilization that may account for the increased costs in NAFLD compared with controls are represented by liver biopsies (relative risk [RR] = 55.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 24.48-123.59), imaging (RR = 3.95, 95% CI 3.77-4.15), and hospitalizations (RR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.73-2.02). Conclusion: The costs associated with the care for NAFLD independent of its metabolic comorbidities are very high, especially at first diagnosis. Research efforts shouldfocus on identification of underlying determinants of use, sources of excess cost, and development of cost-effective diagnostic tests.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.