ArticleScientific reports2018
Development and worldwide use of non-lethal, and minimal population-level impact, protocols for the isolation of amphibian chytrid fungi.
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Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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17 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Climatically Specialized Lineages of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, and its Likely Asian Origins.EcoHealth · 2025Article
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- Discriminating lineages of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis using quantitative PCR.Molecular ecology resources · 2021Article
- Early-diverging fungal phyla: taxonomy, species concept, ecology, distribution, anthropogenic impact, and novel phylogenetic proposals.Fungal diversity · 2021Review
- Chytridiomycosis Outbreak in a Chilean Giant Frog (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Wildlife pathogen detection: evaluation of alternative DNA extraction protocols.Biology methods & protocols · 2021Article
- Chytridiomycosis in Asian Amphibians, a Global Resource forJournal of the Indian Institute of Science · 2021Review
- Presence of low virulence chytrid fungi could protect European amphibians from more deadly strains.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Chytrid fungi and global amphibian declines.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2020Review
- Bullfrog farms release virulent zoospores of the frog-killing fungus into the natural environment.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Arthropod-bacteria interactions influence assembly of aquatic host microbiome and pathogen defense.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2019Article
- Diagnosing Emerging Fungal Threats: A One Health Perspective.Frontiers in genetics · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
56 authors at 20 institutions in 17 countries.
Matthew C FisherDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine (St Mary's campus), Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK. matthew.fisher@imperial.ac.uk.
Pria GhoshDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine (St Mary's campus), Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Jennifer M G SheltonDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine (St Mary's campus), Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Kieran BatesDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine (St Mary's campus), Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Lola BrookesInstitute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.
Claudia WierzbickiDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine (St Mary's campus), Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Gonçalo M RosaInstitute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8658-8436
Rhys A FarrerDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine (St Mary's campus), Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
David M AanensenDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine (St Mary's campus), Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Mario Alvarado-RybakCentro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 440, Santiago, Chile.
Arnaud BatailleLaboratory of Behavioral and Population Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-3508-2144
Lee BergerOne Health Research Group, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
Susanne BöllAgency for Population Ecology and Nature Conservancy, Gerbrunn, Germany.
Jaime BoschMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC c/Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
Frances C ClareDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine (St Mary's campus), Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Elodie A CourtoisLaboratoire Ecologie, évolution, interactions des systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), Université de Guyane, CNRS, IFREMER, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana.
Angelica CrottiniCIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-8505-3050
Andrew A CunninghamInstitute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.
Thomas M Doherty-BoneConservation Programmes, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8074-5955
Fikirte GebresenbetDepartment of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 113 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
David J GowerLife Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
Jacob HöglundDepartment of Ecology and Genetics, EBC, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
Timothy Y JamesDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
Thomas S JenkinsonDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4384-9058
Tiffany A KoschLaboratory of Behavioral and Population Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
Carolina LambertiniLaboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil.
Anssi LaurilaDepartment of Ecology and Genetics, EBC, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
Chun-Fu LinZoology Division, Endemic Species Research Institute, 1 Ming-shen East Road, Jiji, Nantou, 552, Taiwan.
Adeline LoyauHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Conservation Biology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
An MartelDepartment of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-7609-5649
Sara MeurlingDepartment of Ecology and Genetics, EBC, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
Claude MiaudPSL Research University, CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, Biogéographie et Ecologie des vertébrés, Montpellier, France.
Pete MintingAmphibian and Reptile Conservation (ARC) Trust, 655A Christchurch Road, Boscombe, Bournemouth, Dorset, BH1 4AP, UK.
Serge NdriantsoaDurrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Madagascar Programme, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Simon J O'HanlonDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine (St Mary's campus), Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Frank PasmansDepartment of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Tsanta RakotonanaharyDurrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Madagascar Programme, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Falitiana C E RabemananjaraDurrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Madagascar Programme, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Luisa P RibeiroLaboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil.
Dirk S SchmellerHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Conservation Biology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
Benedikt R SchmidtDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-4023-1001
Lee SkerrattOne Health Research Group, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
Freya SmithNational Wildlife Management Centre, APHA, Woodchester Park, Gloucestershire, GL10 3UJ, UK.
Claudio Soto-AzatCentro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 440, Santiago, Chile.
Giulia TessaNon-profit Association Zirichiltaggi - Sardinia Wildlife Conservation, Strada Vicinale Filigheddu 62/C, I-07100, Sassari, Italy.
Luís Felipe ToledoLaboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-4929-9598
Andrés Valenzuela-SánchezCentro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 440, Santiago, Chile.ORCID 0000-0002-0445-9156
Ruhan VersterUnit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Private Bag x6001, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
Judit VörösCollection of Amphibians and Reptiles, Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Baross u, 13., 1088, Hungary.
Bruce WaldmanLaboratory of Behavioral and Population Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-0006-5333
Rebecca J WebbOne Health Research Group, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
Che WeldonUnit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Private Bag x6001, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
Emma WombwellInstitute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.
Kelly R ZamudioDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
Joyce E LongcoreSchool of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA.
Trenton W J GarnerInstitute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0336-9706
Imperial College London · GBZoological Society of London · GBCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FRDurrell Wildlife Conservation Trust · JEJames Cook University · AUNorth-West University · ZAUniversidad Andrés Bello · CLUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) · BRUppsala University · SEGhent University · BESeoul National University · KRUniversity of Michigan · USCentre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement · FRCornell University · USFederal Agency for Nature Conservation · DEHungarian Natural History Museum · HUMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales · ESNatural History Museum · GBOklahoma State University · USRoyal Zoological Society of Scotland · GB
Funding
Medical Research Council MR/R015600/1
Abstract
Parasitic chytrid fungi have emerged as a significant threat to amphibian species worldwide, necessitating the development of techniques to isolate these pathogens into culture for research purposes. However, early methods of isolating chytrids from their hosts relied on killing amphibians. We modified a pre-existing protocol for isolating chytrids from infected animals to use toe clips and biopsies from toe webbing rather than euthanizing hosts, and distributed the protocol to researchers as part of the BiodivERsA project RACE; here called the RML protocol. In tandem, we developed a lethal procedure for isolating chytrids from tadpole mouthparts. Reviewing a database of use a decade after their inception, we find that these methods have been applied across 5 continents, 23 countries and in 62 amphibian species. Isolation of chytrids by the non-lethal RML protocol occured in 18% of attempts with 207 fungal isolates and three species of chytrid being recovered. Isolation of chytrids from tadpoles occured in 43% of attempts with 334 fungal isolates of one species (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) being recovered. Together, these methods have resulted in a significant reduction and refinement of our use of threatened amphibian species and have improved our ability to work with this group of emerging pathogens.
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Endangered SpeciesAmphibiansAnimalsChytridiomycotaInformation DisseminationLarvaSoftware
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