ReviewMolecular metabolism2018
Sex and gender differences in developmental programming of metabolism.
Review in Molecular metabolism, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 200 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
200 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 350 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of breakfast on childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Sex-dependent effects of prenatal food and protein restriction on offspring physiology in rats and mice: systematic review and meta-analyses.Biology of sex differences · 2021Pooled it
- Cardiometabolic health in offspring of women with PCOS compared to healthy controls: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.Human reproduction update · 2020Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies in newborns and children show widespread sex differences in blood DNA methylation.Mutation research. Reviews in mutation researchPooled it
- Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Children of Women who Took Part in a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Preconceptional Nutritional Intervention in Mumbai, India.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Sex-dependent associations of low birth weight and suicidal ideation in adulthood: a community-based cohort study.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Changes in transposable elements expression in male and female mice liver throughout aging.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding type is associated with urinary metabolic changes in early life: influence of sex and early weight gain in healthy term infants.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Article
- Birth Weight, Adult Fat Distribution, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk: Sex-Specific Study in a Large Prospective Cohort.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Article
- The Potential Physiologic Mechanisms by Which Early-Life Nutrition May Influence Type 2 Diabetes Pathophysiology in Humans.Annual review of nutrition · 2026Review
- Prenatal Choline and Betaine Differentially Program Adult Hepatic One-Carbon Metabolism in Wistar Rats.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2026Article
- Article
- Birthweight phenotype genotype mismatch in cardiometabolic programming.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Perinatal Semaglutide Treatment Improves Maternal Health and Mitigates Offspring Metabolic Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Maternal Obesity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sexual dimorphism in the development and function of the melanocortin system.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- A Review of the Effects of Maternal and Paternal Obesity on Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Related Neurobiology in Rodent and Human Offspring.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase, a potential target for substrate reduction therapy in glutaric aciduria type 1.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cross-Generational Integration of Exercise and Nutritional Encoding in Offspring Adipose Genomics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Lactose-Derived Carbohydrates Induce Sexually Dimorphic Nutritional Programming Effects on Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Maternal BCAA overnutrition programs persistent dysglycemia in lean adult offspring.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
140 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe early life environment experienced by an individual in utero and during the neonatal period is a major factor in shaping later life disease risk-including susceptibility to develop obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The incidence of metabolic disease is different between males and females. How the early life environment may underlie these sex differences is an area of active investigation. SCOPE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize our current understanding of how the early life environment influences metabolic disease risk in a sex specific manner. We also discuss the possible mechanisms responsible for mediating these sexually dimorphic effects and highlight the results of recent intervention studies in animal models. MAJOR
conclusionsExposure to states of both under- and over-nutrition during early life predisposes both sexes to develop metabolic disease. Females seem particularly susceptible to develop increased adiposity and disrupted glucose homeostasis as a result of exposure to in utero undernutrition or high sugar environments, respectively. The male placenta is particularly vulnerable to damage by adverse nutritional states and this may underlie some of the metabolic phenotypes observed in adulthood. More studies investigating both sexes are needed to understand how changes to the early life environment impact differently on the long-term health of male and female individuals.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.