ArticleGenes2018
Chronic and Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnant Women in Botswana.
Article in Genes, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Epidemiology of occult hepatitis B and C in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of infection and public health · 2022Pooled it
- A Review of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection in Botswana.Viruses · 2026Review
- Characteristics of occult hepatitis B infection among pregnant women in the Center Region of Cameroon: rationale for universal administration of hepatitis B birth dose vaccine.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of codon usage bias revealed natural selection-driven evolution and host adaptation of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- The status of occult HBV infection in a high endemic region: risk of community HBV transmission and reactivation.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus in People Living with HIV in Rural and Peri-Urban Communities in Botswana.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Hepatitis B Virus Prevalence among HIV-Uninfected People Living in Rural and Peri-Urban Areas in Botswana.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Genetic diversity and occult hepatitis B infection in Africa: A comprehensive review.World journal of hepatology · 2024Article
- Article
- Persistence and risk factors of occult hepatitis B virus infections among antiretroviral therapy-naïve people living with HIV in Botswana.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Prevalence of occult hepatitis B among HIV-positive individuals in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.SAGE open medicine · 2022Article
- Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B virus among pregnant women in Luanda (Angola): geospatial distribution and its association with socio-demographic and clinical-obstetric determinants.Virology journal · 2021Article
- Hepatitis B virus infection among 90 million pregnant women in 2853 Chinese counties, 2015-2020: a national observational study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2021Article
- Seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B, C and D virus infection amongst patients with features of hepatitis in a referral hospital in Botswana: A cross-sectional study.Southern African journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Increased Prevalence of Liver Fibrosis and HIV Viremia among Patients with HIV, HBV, and Tuberculosis in Botswana.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- In Silico Prediction of Human Leukocytes Antigen (HLA) Class II Binding Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Peptides in Botswana.Viruses · 2020Article
- Incidence of hepatitis B virus infection among human immunodeficiency virus-infected treatment naïve adults in Botswana.Medicine · 2020Article
- Prevalence and molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B virus in pregnant women from Gondar, Ethiopia.Canadian liver journal · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global problem; however, the burden of HBV infection in pregnant women in Botswana is unknown. We sought to determine the prevalence of chronic and occult HBV infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and -uninfected pregnant women in Botswana. Samples from 752 pregnant women were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and HBsAg-positive samples were tested for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA load. Samples that were HBsAg negative were screened for occult HBV infection by determining the HBV DNA load. HBV genotypes were determined based on a 415-base-pair fragment of the surface gene. Among the 752 women tested during pregnancy or early postpartum, 16 (2.1%) (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0⁻2.2) were HBsAg-positive. The prevalence of chronic HBV infection was higher (3.1%) among HIV-infected (95% CI: 3.0⁻3.2) compared with HIV-uninfected women (1.1%) (95% CI: 1.07⁻1.1,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.