ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2018
Brief Report: The Association of Chronic Pain and Long-Term Opioid Therapy With HIV Treatment Outcomes.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Mechanisms of a Novel Intervention for Chronic Pain Tailored to People Living With HIV
The Impact of Medical Cannabis on Pain and Inflammation in People Living With HIV
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trajectories of Pain Impact and Pain Self-Efficacy in People With HIV and Chronic Pain: Extending Findings From the Skills TO Manage Pain Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Trial
- The Skills to Manage Pain Randomized Trial: Results of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence, HIV Primary Care Retention, and Virologic Suppression Outcomes.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Trial
- Pilot RCT comparing low-dose naltrexone, gabapentin and placebo to reduce pain among people with HIV with alcohol problems.PloS one · 2024Trial
- Toward Safer Opioid Prescribing in HIV care (TOWER): a mixed-methods, cluster-randomized trial.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2022Trial
- Chronic pain in a modern virally suppressed HIV cohort is associated with disability and poorer mental health.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Article
- Epigenetic mechanisms of HIV and opioid-induced neuropathology: Potential therapies and interventions.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Prescription opioid use and opioid use disorder among older adults with HIV in the USA from 2008 to 2021: a retrospective repeated cross-sectional study.The Lancet. Primary care · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the capacity of minor phytocannabinoids to attenuate nociceptive insults in HIV-1 Tat-expressing mice.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Neurocognitive Impairment and HIV Treatment Engagement in Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV Who Report Chronic Pain and Substance Use.AIDS research and treatment · 2025Article
- The single-cell opioid responses in the context of HIV (SCORCH) consortium.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- An update on drug-drug interactions in older adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Expert review of clinical pharmacology · 2024Review
- Article
- Opioid misuse among people with HIV: results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2015-2019.Pain management · 2024Article
- Strategies Used to Manage Chronic Pain in HIV-Disease: Comparing Persons Prescribed Opioids Versus Persons not Receiving Opioids.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Pathogenic mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated pain.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- The Global Task Force for Chronic Pain in People with HIV (PWH): Developing a research agenda in an emerging field.AIDS care · 2023Article
- Article
- Evidence-Based Interventions to Improve Opioid Prescribing in Primary Care: a Qualitative Assessment of Implementation in Two Studies.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the efficacy and mechanisms of a novel intervention for chronic pain tailored to people with HIV: The STOMP protocol.Contemporary clinical trials · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChronic pain occurs in up to 85% of persons living with HIV and is commonly treated with long-term opioid therapy (LTOT). We investigated the impact of chronic pain and LTOT on HIV outcomes.
methodsThis was prospective cohort study conducted between July 2015 and July 2016 in 5 HIV primary care clinics. Chronic pain was defined as ≥moderate pain for ≥3 months on the Brief Chronic Pain Questionnaire. Chronic pain and LTOT were assessed at an index visit. Suboptimal retention, defined as at least one "no-show" to primary care, and virologic failure were measured over the subsequent year. Multivariable logistic regression models were built for each outcome adjusting for site.
resultsAmong 2334 participants, 25% had chronic pain, 27% had suboptimal retention, 12% had virologic failure, and 19% were prescribed LTOT. Among individuals not on LTOT, chronic pain was associated with increased odds of suboptimal retention [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10 to 1.93, P = 0.009] and virologic failure (aOR 1.97, 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.80, P < 0.001). Among individuals with chronic pain, there was no association between LTOT and retention, but LTOT was associated with lower rates of virologic failure (aOR 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.96, P = 0.03).
conclusionsChronic pain in participants not on LTOT was associated with virologic failure. This reinforces the need to identify effective chronic pain treatments for persons living with HIV and investigate their impact on HIV outcomes. The apparent protective association between LTOT and virologic failure in those with pain merits further exploration.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.