Observational studyClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2019
Nationwide Cohort Study of Antiretroviral Therapy Timing: Treatment Dropout and Virological Failure in China, 2011-2015.
Observational study in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of delayed antiretroviral therapy initiation among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Virological failure in HIV-naïve patients with antiretroviral therapy: A perspective from pharmacological variablesBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2026Observational
- Five-Year Immune Recovery After ART Initiation Among PLWH Aged ≥15 Years with Baseline Immunosuppression - China, 2013-2024.China CDC weekly · 2026Article
- Effect of rapid antiretroviral therapy initiation on loss to follow-up, virologic failure, and immunologic failure among people living with HIV under the treat-all policy in China: a retrospective cohort study (2016-2023).Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Effect of a combined education program (game + health education) on antiretroviral treatment adherence among newly diagnosed youth with HIV: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Magnitude and factors associated with virological failure among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective chart review.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- National HIV programme testing recommendations.Singapore medical journal · 2025Article
- The impact of a comprehensive strategy on HIV treatment continuum in a highly endemic area of China: an interrupted time series analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Predictive Factors of ART Follow-Up Loss in HIV Patients (2018-2022): A Retrospective Cohort Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Challenges in HIV Diagnosis Algorithm: Experience of the Confirmation Laboratory.Journal of tropical medicine · 2025Article
- Virological treatment failure and associated factors among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in West Hararghe, Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Effect of rapid antiretroviral therapy initiation on loss to follow-up, mortality, and virologic failure among people with human immunodeficiency virus under the treat-all policy in China: analysis of routine data.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome antiretroviral therapy initiated on the same day in treatment-naïve people with human immunodeficiency virus: A comparative study of efficacy and regimen.Chinese medical journal · 2024Article
- Factors associated with antiretroviral treatment adherence among people living with HIV in Guangdong Province, China: a cross sectional analysis.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Rapid antiretroviral therapy and treatment outcomes among people living with HIV: exploring the mediating roles of medication adherence.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Peer-Led Community-Based Support Services and HIV Treatment Outcomes Among People Living With HIV in Wuxi, China: Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Surveillance Data From 2006 to 2021.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Factors Associated With Delayed and Late Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Among Patients With HIV in Beijing, China, 2010-2020.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- Comparison of Immunological and Virological Recovery with Rapid, Early, and Late Start of Antiretroviral Treatment in Naive Plwh: Real-World Data.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- HIV Late Presenters in Asia: Management and Public Health Challenges.AIDS research and treatment · 2023Review
- Perceptions toward antiretroviral therapy and delayed ART initiation among people living with HIV in Changsha, China: mediating effects of treatment willingness.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are still being diagnosed late, rendering the benefits of "early" antiretroviral therapy (ART) unattainable. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the benefits of "immediate" ART. Methods: A nationwide cohort of PLWH in China who initiated ART January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2014 and had baseline CD4 results >200 cells/μL were censored at 12 months, dropout, or death, whichever came first. Treatment dropout and virological failure (viral load ≥400 copies/mL) were measured. Determinants were assessed by Cox and log-binomial regression. Results: The cohort included 123605 PLWH. The ≤30 days group had a significantly lower treatment dropout rate of 6.72%, compared to 8.91% for the 91-365 days group and to 12.64% for the >365 days group. The ≤30 days group also had a significantly lower virological failure rate of 5.45% (31-90 days: 7.39%; 91-365 days: 9.64%; >365 days: 12.67%). Greater risk of dropout (91-365 days: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25-1.42; >365 days: aHR = 1.55, CI = 1.47-1.54), and virological failure (31-90 days: adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.35, CI = 1.26-1.45; 91-365 days: aRR = 1.66, CI = 1.55-1.78; >365 days: aRR = 1.85, CI = 1.74-1.97) were observed for those who delayed treatment. Conclusions: ART within 30 days of HIV diagnosis was associated with significantly reduced risk of treatment failure, highlighting the need to implement test-and-immediately-treat policies.
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