ArticleLangenbeck's archives of surgery2018
Risk factors associated with intrathyroid extension of thyroid microcarcinomas.
Article in Langenbeck's archives of surgery, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Frequency of Thyroid Microcarcinoma in Patients Who Underwent Total Thyroidectomy with Benign Indication-A 5-Year Retrospective Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Long-term efficacy of microwave ablation for multifocal papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a 5-year follow-up study.European radiology · 2024Article
- A clinical and molecular pathology prediction model for central lymph node metastasis in cN0 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma presenting as a metastasis to the brain.Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England · 2020Article
- The increasing prevalence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in papillary microcarcinoma.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2018Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe aims of this study were to investigate the rate of intrathyroid extension of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) in patients operated for benign thyroid disease and to identify independent risk factors associated with it.
methodsA retrospective study of 301 patients operated for benign thyroid diseases (hyperthyroid diseases, multinodular goitre, Hashimoto thyroiditis and benign thyroid tumours) was performed at a high-volume endocrine surgery unit of a tertiary referral academic hospital, in a 5-year period. These patients had a PTMC incidentally discovered on definite histopathological findings following total or near-total thyroidectomy. Since distinguishing between intrathyroid extension of PTMC as the result of intrathyroid dissemination or as the result of multicentricity is challenging, we observed them together as multifocality. In statistical analysis, we used standard descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine independent risk factors associated with multifocality.
resultsIn our study, there were 85.4% females and 14.6% males with a median age of 54 years. A multinodular goitre (32.5%) was the most common indication for an operation. Most patients (68.4%) had a PTMC that was 5 mm or smaller. The most frequent histological variants of PTMC were the follicular variant (52.8%), followed by the papillary variant (22.6%) and the mixed follicular-papillary variant (18.6%). A multifocal PTMC was present in 26.6% of cases. An independent protective factor for multifocality of PTMC was a thyroid gland that weighed more than 38 g (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.31-0.97, p = 0.039). Size of PTMC greater than 5 mm was an independent risk factor for a multifocal PTMC (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.85-5.75, p = 0.000). Finally, the mixed follicular-papillary variant of PTMC represents an independent risk factor for a multifocal PTMC (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.09-5.36, p = 0.030).
conclusionsIntrathyroid extension is present in more than a quarter of PTMCs found in patients operated for benign thyroid disease. Independent risk factors for intrathyroid extension are size of PTMC greater than 5 mm and the mixed follicular-papillary variant of PTMC, while a large thyroid gland is an independent protective factor.
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