ArticleKorean journal of ophthalmology : KJO2018
Factors Associated with Pain Following Intravitreal Injections.
Article in Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective, Randomised, Single-masked Comparison of Topical Anesthesia and Topical Combined Subconjunctival (Two-step) Anesthesia in Intravitreal Injection
The Role of Loteprednol in Reducing Post-Intravitreal Injection Related Pain
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long term evaluation of the safety and efficacy of local cooling anesthesia during intravitreal injections: The COOL-2 Trial.PloS one · 2026Trial
- Randomized Safety and Feasibility Trial of Ultra-Rapid Cooling Anesthesia for Intravitreal Injections.Ophthalmology. Retina · 2020Trial
- Anticipated and Actual Pain Intensity in Patients Receiving Intravitreal Injections: A Cross Sectional Study.Nursing open · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of Ultrathin 40-Gauge Needles for Intravitreal Injections.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2026Article
- Quadrant-Specific Pain in Intravitreal Injection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Comparison of intravitreal injection techniques with and without a speculum using eyelid retraction with a cotton-tipped applicator.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
- The relationship between pain intensity and anxiety, injection speed, and intraocular pressure changes during intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection: the observational pilot study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Pulsed Ultrasound-Mediated Drug Delivery Enhancement Through Human Sclera.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Potential Risk Factors for Ocular Pain in Patients Undergoing Multiple Intravitreal Injections of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Cooling Anesthesia for Intravitreal Injections - A Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Ultrasound for Topical Corneal Delivery of Macromolecules.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- Feasibility of Therapeutic Ultrasound Application in Topical Scleral Delivery of Avastin.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- Factors Associated with Pain Level in Patients Receiving Intravitreal Injection.Journal of current ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo investigate factors associated with pain intensity following intravitreal injection and factors that might be associated with changes in pain intensity in patients who received repeated injections.
methodsA total of 172 eyes (147 patients) were prospectively enrolled. Patients rated their pain from 0 to 10 using a visual analogue scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with pain score. Sixty-eight patients evaluated their degree of pain more than once and were divided into three groups according to changes in pain during repeated injections. Clinical factors were compared among the three groups.
resultsPain scores of women (women, 3.1 ± 1.5 vs. men, 2.4 ± 1.2; p = 0.003), those who received dexamethasone implant injection (dexamethasone implant, 3.5 ± 1.1 vs. anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, 2.7 ± 1.4; p = 0.028), and those who did not undergo anterior chamber paracentesis (ACP) (ACP, 2.6 ± 1.3 vs. no ACP, 3.0 ± 1.6; p = 0.047) were significantly higher than those of the other groups. On multiple linear regression analysis, only female sex and ACP were significantly associated with degree of pain. The waiting time during the second injection was significantly associated with change in degree of pain in patients who received repeated injections.
conclusionsWomen were more prone to perceive pain, and the ACP procedure reduced pain during intravitreal injections. Most patients who received repeated injections felt that pain was similar or decreased compared to that experienced during the previous injection. However, increased waiting time might have been associated with increased discomfort for patients who received repeated injections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.