ArticleJCI insight2018
Glioblastoma-targeted CD4+ CAR T cells mediate superior antitumor activity.
Article in JCI insight, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 228 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of innate and adaptive immunotherapy combined with standard of care in high-grade gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Pharmacodynamic changes in tumor and immune cells drive iberdomide's clinical mechanisms of activity in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Trial
- Distinct Stromal and Immune Features Collectively Contribute to Long-Term Survival in Pancreatic Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Vaccination against RhoC induces long-lasting immune responses in patients with prostate cancer: results from a phase I/II clinical trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Trial
- Why CD4+ T cells matter in adoptive cell therapy for solid cancers.Immuno-oncology technology · 2026Review
- Meditope-Enabled Chimeric Antigen Receptors Facilitate Plug-and-Play Control of T Cells.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Generation of effector CD4Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- Depletion of CD8Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- αvβ3 CAR-T Cells Simultaneously Targeting Tumor and Metastases Produce Highly Effective Control in Preclinical Models of Melanoma and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2026Article
- An ICOSL-armed oncolytic adenovirus activates CD4BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Multimodal profiling of CAR T cells against glioblastoma using a microengineered 3D tumor-on-a-chip model.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Myeloid-derived immunosuppression of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in the neuronal microenvironment of glioblastoma.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Dynamic, single-cell monitoring of CAR T cell identity and activation with Raman spectroscopy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Antigen Specificity and Cell Engineering Determine CAR T Cell Efficacy in Group 3 Medulloblastoma.Research square · 2026Article
- Multi-omic profiling and preclinical efficacy of fratricide-driven, unedited CD7 CAR-T cells in T-cell leukemia.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Adaptive-like CAR-iPSC-CD4⁺ T cells outperform CD8⁺ counterparts in sustained ALL control.Inflammation and regeneration · 2026Article
- Reversing T cell dysfunction in a novelFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- CAR-T manufacturing reduces heterogeneity between CIDP and multiple myeloma patient-derived T cells.Theranostics · 2026Article
- EomesoderminImmunity · 2025Article
- Significance of the association between hypoxia and pyroptosis-related genes in the prognostic prediction of glioblastoma: insights from model construction and validation.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR-modified) T cells have shown promising therapeutic effects for hematological malignancies, yet limited and inconsistent efficacy against solid tumors. The refinement of CAR therapy requires an understanding of the optimal characteristics of the cellular products, including the appropriate composition of CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. Here, we investigated the differential antitumor effect of CD4+ and CD8+ CAR T cells targeting glioblastoma-associated (GBM-associated) antigen IL-13 receptor α2 (IL13Rα2). Upon stimulation with IL13Rα2+ GBM cells, the CD8+ CAR T cells exhibited robust short-term effector function but became rapidly exhausted. By comparison, the CD4+ CAR T cells persisted after tumor challenge and sustained their effector potency. Mixing with CD4+ CAR T cells failed to ameliorate the effector dysfunction of CD8+ CAR T cells, while surprisingly, CD4+ CAR T cell effector potency was impaired when coapplied with CD8+ T cells. In orthotopic GBM models, CD4+ outperformed CD8+ CAR T cells, especially for long-term antitumor response. Further, maintenance of the CD4+ subset was positively correlated with the recursive killing ability of CAR T cell products derived from GBM patients. These findings identify CD4+ CAR T cells as a highly potent and clinically important T cell subset for effective CAR therapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.