Observational studyBMJ open2018
Frequency of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease presenting to tertiary care centre in Pakistan: an observational, cross-sectional study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Self-Reported Visual Complaints in People with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Pooled it
- The prevalence and associated factors of dysphagia in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Characteristics of pain symptoms in Parkinson's disease.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2025Review
- Nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2025Article
- Pain Characteristics of Parkinson's Disease Using Validated Arabic Versions of the King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Scale and Questionnaire: A Multicenter Egyptian Study.Journal of movement disorders · 2024Article
- Spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders in neurology outpatient department: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Immunisation with UB-312 in the Thy1SNCA mouse prevents motor performance deficits and oligomeric α-synuclein accumulation in the brain and gut.Acta neuropathologica · 2022Article
- Parkinson disease and the gut: new insights into pathogenesis and clinical relevance.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2020Review
- An overview of pain in Parkinson's disease.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2020Article
- Ethnic Variation in the Manifestation of Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2020Review
- Article
- Effectiveness of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease treatment with Single-center experience in Pakistan.Pakistan journal of medical sciencesArticle
- Epidemiology of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (Review).Medicine internationalReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the frequency of non-motor symptoms (NMS) in patients of Parkinson's disease (PD) presenting to a movement disorder clinic at a tertiary care centre in Pakistan, and how frequency of NMS is different in male and female patients. STUDY
designObservational, cross-sectional study.
settingTertiary care centre.
participantsOut of 102 patients, 85 were included. Inclusion criteria were patients with PD diagnosed according to the UK Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank Clinical Diagnostic Criteria, age ≥18 years, able to give consent and have no difficulty in answering questions. Exclusion criteria were diseases that resemble PD, stroke, dementia, patients unable to provide information and history of antipsychotic use.
resultsThe NMSQuest revealed a mean of nearly seven different NMS per patient. Autonomic problems such as constipation (56%) and nocturia (49%) were the most common NMS, while urinary urgency was reported by 35% of patients. Low mood and feeling sad were reported by 47%, whereas feeling anxious/panicky was reported by 36%. Problem with memory was reported by 45% of patients. Feeling of light-headedness and dizziness was reported by 40% of patients. Problems with sexual relationship were reported by 30% of patients. The most common sleep problem was difficulty falling sleep (29%). Pain not related to the musculoskeletal system was reported by 30% of patients. Loss or change in the ability to taste or smell was reported by 29% of patients. The rest of NMS were less than 25% in frequency. Feeling sad or blue, feeling light-headed/dizzy, unexplained pain, unpleasant sensations in the legs, difficulty in swallowing and faecal incontinence were more common in female participants, while problems with sex were more common in male participants.
conclusionNMS are quite prevalent in PD in our population. Certain NMS are more common in women as compared with men. There is a need for a large-scale study to look for the association of different NMS with sex.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.