Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29769045›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2018

Food availability and food access in rural agricultural communities: use of mixed methods.

Linda K Ko, Cassandra Enzler, Cynthia K Perry, Edgar Rodriguez, Norma Mariscal, Sandra Linde, Catherine Duggan

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. A Meta-Ethnography to Determine Critical Constructs of Nutrition Security.Journal of nutrition education and behavior · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Linda K KoDivision of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N, M3-B232, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA. lko@fredhutch.org.
Cassandra EnzlerDivision of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N, M3-B232, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA.
Cynthia K PerrySchool of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Edgar RodriguezDivision of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N, M3-B232, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA.
Norma MariscalDivision of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N, M3-B232, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA.
Sandra LindeAstria Sunnyside Hospital, Sunnyside, WA, USA.
Catherine DugganDivision of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N, M3-B232, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA.
Fred Hutch Cancer Center · USHinckley and Bosworth Community Hospital · GBOregon Health & Science University · US

Funding

Together We STRIDE (Strategizing Together Relevant Interventions for Diet and Exercise)U01MD010540 · NIMHD · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI KO, LINDA K. · 2016 to 2020
$2.5M
Collaboration for a Healthy CommunityR24MD008068 · NIMHD · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI KO, LINDA K., PERRY, CYNTHIA KAY · 2013 to 2015
$1.1M
NIMHD NIH HHS R24 MD008068NIMHD NIH HHS R24MD008068NIMHD NIH HHS U01 MD010540
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHispanics bear some of the highest burden of the obesity epidemic and the disparities gap is bigger among Hispanics in rural communities. This mixed methods study examined the objective and subjective assessment of food availability and food access in four rural, agricultural, and predominantly Hispanic communities.

methodsIn this convergent parallel mixed methods study, we used the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey (NEMS) of Food Stores and Restaurants to objectively assess 57 food stores and 69 restaurants in four rural agricultural communities in Washington State. To complement the objective assessment findings, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 32 community residents. The data were collected from 2013 to 2014. Frequencies and means were calculated for quantitative data and content analysis conducted for interview data.

resultsParticipants (n = 32) had a mean age of 35.6 (SD 6.2) years, were mostly women, uninsured, low income, and had less than a high school education. Grocery and convenience stores had low NEMS composite scores indicating low overall availability of food items, low quality, and high food prices. Composite scores for sit-down restaurants, fast casual restaurants, and fast-food restaurants were similarly low in all four towns indicating limited availability of healthier options. Semi-structured interviews revealed participants perceived high availability and accessibility of quality fresh produce. Most participants reported eating out regularly several times a week, frequenting restaurant chains that serve buffets or fast foods, and allowing children to make decisions regarding their own food choices.

conclusionsCommunity members' perception of food availability and food access may be different from the objective assessment of food environment. This information can be used to inform community-wide interventions to address food environment in these rural communities.

Indexed as

AdultAgricultureCommerceFemaleFood SupplyHispanic or LatinoHumansMaleObesityQualitative ResearchRestaurantsRural PopulationSurveys and QuestionnairesWashingtonFood environmentHispanicsMixed methodsRural communities

Identifiers

PMID29769045
PMCPMC5956971
OpenAlexW2804675406

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.