SynthesisPituitary2018
Two types of ectopic Cushing syndrome or a continuum? Review.
Synthesis in Pituitary, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ectopic Cushing's syndrome due to thymic neuroendocrine tumours: a systematic review.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2021Pooled it
- Update and Practical Recommendations for the Use of Medical Treatment of Cushing Syndrome.Endocrine reviews · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of osilodrostat in patients with ectopic Cushing´s syndrome. a real-world study in Spain.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Surgical management of ectopic Cushing's syndrome from a pulmonary carcinoid secreting CRH supported by intraoperative ACTH monitoring - a case report.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Update in the Management of ACTH-Secreting Gastroenteropancreatic and Thoracic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- Ectopic Cushing's Syndrome in Advanced Small-Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): Clinical Challenges and Therapeutic Insights.Cancers · 2025Article
- Cushing's syndrome due to atypical carcinoid of the mediastinum.Radiology case reports · 2023Article
- Ectopic Cushing's syndrome in a patient with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Article
- Review
- Is ectopic Cushing's syndrome underdiagnosed in patients with small cell lung cancer?Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTwo types of ectopic Cushing syndrome (ECS) are described: ECS associated with aggressive neoplasms, and ECS with indolent and occult tumors, however, there is a lack of studies that thoroughly review their characteristics.
methodsA systematic review was carried out on PUBMED of all the papers about the ECS, in order to better define the types of this subcategory of Cushing's syndrome, highlighting the differential aspects between these subgroups.
resultsIt was found that in 50% of cases the prototypic "aggressive" ECS is caused by small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC). In these cases, the clinical presentation may be atypical, predominating the signs and symptoms derived from the protein catabolism. Cortisol and ACTH levels are extremely high, the clinical presentation is abrupt (< 3-6 months) and the tumor is usually advanced, being impossible a curative treatment. On the other hand, "indolent" ECS is mainly represented by carcinoid tumors (CT). In these cases the clinical presentation overlaps enormously with that of Cushing's disease (CD). Cortisol and ACTH levels are slightly elevated, the clinical presentation is progressive (> 6 months) and the prognosis is usually good, and a curative treatment is possible in about 75% of the cases.
conclusionAlthough there is no absolute differentiation between the two extremes of ECS, a classification could be established in two groups, guided by its clinical and biochemical characteristics, and mainly by the type and stage of the ACTH-secreting tumor. However, a small percentage of tumors do not fit in this simple grouping, and may present both phenotypes or an intermediate one.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.