ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2018
Tuberculosis, the Disrupted Immune-Endocrine Response and the Potential Thymic Repercussion As a Contributing Factor to Disease Physiopathology.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of three-month tuberculosis preventive treatment (3HP) on IVF-ET outcomes in infertile women with tuberculosis infection: a retrospective before-after study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Adrenal and Metabolic Hormonal Axes Shape Anti-Tuberculosis Immune Responses in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Tuberculosis Coinfection.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2026Review
- Article
- Immune-endocrine crossroads: the impact of nuclear receptors in Tuberculosis and Chagas disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Spinal Tuberculosis in a Young Male Patient With Empty Sella Syndrome and Panhypopituitarism.Cureus · 2025Article
- Studies on the contribution of PPAR Gamma to tuberculosis physiopathology.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Dynamics of thymus function and T cell receptor repertoire breadth in health and disease.Seminars in immunopathology · 2021Review
- Increased levels of circulating LPS during Tuberculosis prevails in patients with advanced pulmonary involvement.PloS one · 2021Article
- RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis of Peripheral Blood From Cattle Infected WithFrontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Experimental Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Absence of Detectable Brain Infection Induces Neuroinflammation and Behavioural Abnormalities in Male BALB/c Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- When the Damage Is Done: Injury and Repair in Thymus Function.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Immune exhaustion in bacterial infections: mechanisms, consequences, and therapeutic implications.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Upon the pathogen encounter, the host seeks to ensure an adequate inflammatory reaction to combat infection but at the same time tries to prevent collateral damage, through several regulatory mechanisms, like an endocrine response involving the production of adrenal steroid hormones. Our studies show that active tuberculosis (TB) patients present an immune-endocrine imbalance characterized by an impaired cellular immunity together with increased plasma levels of cortisol, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased amounts of dehydroepiandrosterone. Studies in patients undergoing specific treatment revealed that cortisol levels remained increased even after several months of initiating therapy. In addition to the well-known metabolic and immunological effects, glucocorticoids are involved in thymic cortical depletion with immature thymocytes being quite sensitive to such an effect. The thymus is a central lymphoid organ supporting thymocyte T-cell development, i.e., lineage commitment, selection events and thymic emigration. While thymic TB is an infrequent manifestation of the disease, several pieces of experimental and clinical evidence point out that the thymus can be infected by mycobacteria. Beyond this, the thymic microenvironment during TB may be also altered because of the immune-hormonal alterations. The thymus may be then an additional target of organ involvement further contributing to a deficient control of infection and disease immunopathology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.