Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29764882›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2018

Postnatal depression and intimate partner violence: a nationwide clinic-based cross-sectional study in Malaysia.

Noor Ani Ahmad, Umi Adzlin Silim, Azriman Rosman, Majdah Mohamed, Ying Ying Chan, Noraida Mohd Kasim, Muslimah Yusof, Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak, Maisarah Omar, Fazly Azry Abdul Aziz and 4 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

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  16. Postpartum Depression and Quality of Life: A Path Analysis.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Noor Ani AhmadInstitute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0001-8136-5295
Umi Adzlin SilimHospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Azriman RosmanPublic Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Majdah MohamedPublic Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Ying Ying ChanInstitute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Noraida Mohd KasimInstitute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Muslimah YusofInstitute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Mohamad Aznuddin Abd RazakInstitute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Maisarah OmarInstitute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Fazly Azry Abdul AzizInstitute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Rasidah JamaluddinInstitute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Fatanah IsmailPublic Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Nurashikin IbrahimPublic Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Tahir ArisInstitute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Ministry of Health · MY

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAn estimated 13% of women in the postnatal period suffer from postnatal depression (PND) worldwide. In addition to underprivileged women, women who are exposed to violence are at higher risk of PND. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and PND in Malaysia.

methodsThis survey was conducted as a nationwide cross-sectional study using a cluster sampling design. Probable PND was assessed using a self-administered Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Demographic profiles and IPV were assessed using a locally validated WHO Multicountry Study on Women's Health and Life Events Questionnaire that was administered in a face-to-face interview. An EPDS total score of 12 or more and/or a positive tendency to self-harm were used to define PND.

resultsOut of 6669 women, 5727 respondents were successfully interviewed with a response rate of 85.9%. The prevalence of probable PND was 4.4% (95% CI 2.9 to 6.7). The overall prevalence of IPV was 4.9% (95% CI 3.8 to 6.4). Among the women in this group, 3.7% (95% CI 2.7 to 5.0), 2.6% (95% CI 1.9 to 3.5) and 1.2% (95% CI 0.9 to 1.7) experienced emotional, physical and sexual violence, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that women who were exposed to IPV were at 2.3 times the risk for probable PND, with an adjusted OR (aOR) of 2.34 (95% CI 1.12 to 4.87). Other factors for PND were reported emotional violence (aOR 3.79, 95% CI 1.93 to 7.45), unplanned pregnancy (aOR 3.32, 95% CI 2.35 to 4.69), lack of family support during confinement (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.87), partner's use of alcohol (aOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.35) or being from a household with a low income (aOR 2.99; 95% CI 1.63 to 5.49).

conclusionsExposure to IPV was significantly associated with probable PND. Healthcare personnel should be trained to detect and manage both problems. An appropriate referral system and support should be made available.

Indexed as

Women's HealthAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesDepression, PostpartumFemaleHumansIntimate Partner ViolenceLogistic ModelsMalaysiaPovertyPregnancyPregnancy, UnplannedPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesRisk FactorsSampling Studiesdepressionfamily supportintimate partner violencepostpartum

Identifiers

PMID29764882
PMCPMC5961592
OpenAlexW2803238938

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.