Trial reportJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2018
Daytime and nighttime casein supplements similarly increase muscle size and strength in response to resistance training earlier in the day: a preliminary investigation.
Trial report in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03352583 (Effects of Evening Casein Protein Consumption on Body Composition and Performance), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Evening Casein Protein Consumption on Body Composition and Performance
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protein yogurt and whey protein produce comparable muscle gains, but divergent microbiome shifts during strength training in older adults.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Casein Supplementation Timing and Exercise Performance in Soccer Players: Pre-Sleep vs. Post-Exercise Intake-A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Pre-sleep casein ingestion with probiotic strains improves anaerobic power and lower-body-specific strength and power performance in soccer players.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Pre-sleep protein supplementation in professional cyclists during a training camp: a three-arm randomized controlled trial.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023Trial
- Nutritional Supplements for Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms and Morphology-Focused Evidence.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Current Perspectives on Protein Supplementation in Athletes: General Guidance and Special Considerations for Diabetes-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Cheese: mere indulgence or part of a healthy diet?Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Zein-Derived Peptides from Corn Promote the Proliferation of CFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A botanical extract blend ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- The effect of 8-weeks of combined resistance training and chocolate milk consumption on maximal strength, muscle thickness, peak power and lean mass, untrained, university-aged males.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Creatine Supplementation for Muscle Growth: A Scoping Review of Randomized Clinical Trials from 2012 to 2021.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Achieving an Optimal Fat Loss Phase in Resistance-Trained Athletes: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Effects of Pre-Sleep Whey vs. Plant-Based Protein Consumption on Muscle Recovery Following Damaging Morning Exercise.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Review
- Nutritional Recommendations for Physique Athletes.Journal of human kinetics · 2020Article
- Protein Supplementation in Sport: Source, Timing, and Intended Benefits.Current nutrition reports · 2019Review
- Nutrition Recommendations for Bodybuilders in the Off-Season: A Narrative Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- The Impact of Pre-sleep Protein Ingestion on the Skeletal Muscle Adaptive Response to Exercise in Humans: An Update.Frontiers in nutrition · 2019Review
- Pre-Bed Casein Protein Supplementation Does Not Enhance Acute Functional Recovery in Physically Active Males and Females When Exercise is Performed in the Morning.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCasein protein consumed before sleep has been suggested to offer an overnight supply of exogenous amino acids for anabolic processes. The purpose of this study was to compare supplemental casein consumed earlier in the day (DayTime, DT) versus shortly before bed (NightTime, NT) on body composition, strength, and muscle hypertrophy in response to supervised resistance training.
methodsThirteen males participated in a 10-week exercise and dietary intervention while receiving 35 g casein daily. Isocaloric diets provided 1.8 g protein/kg body weight.
resultsBoth groups increased (p < 0.05) in lean soft tissue (DT Pre: 58.3 ± 10.3 kg; DT Post: 61.1 ± 11.1 kg; NT Pre: 58.3 ± 8.6 kg; NT Post: 60.3 ± 8.2 kg), cross-sectional area (CSA, DT Pre: 3.4 ± 1.5 cm2; DT Post: 4.1 ± 1.7 cm2; NT Pre: 3.3 ± 1.6 cm2; NT Post: 3.7 ± 1.6 cm2) and strength in the leg press (DT Pre: 341 ± 87.3 kg; DT Post: 421.1 ± 94.0 kg; NT Pre: 450.0 ± 180.3 kg; NT Post: 533.9 ± 155.4 kg) and bench press (DT Pre: 89.0 ± 27.0 kg; DT Post: 101.0 ± 24.0 kg; NT Pre 100.8 ± 32.4 kg; NT Post: 109.1 ± 30.4 kg) with no difference between groups in any variable (p > 0.05).
conclusionsBoth NT and DT protein consumption as part of a 24-h nutrition approach are effective for increasing strength and hypertrophy. The results support the strategy of achieving specific daily protein levels versus specific timing of protein ingestion for increasing muscle mass and performance.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03352583 .
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.