ArticleHealth and quality of life outcomes2018
Post-traumatic cognitions and quality of life in terrorism victims: the role of well-being in indirect versus direct exposure.
Article in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicting Fear of Terrorism Following the Indirect Exposure to October 7th Hamas Attack Against Israel Through Psychological Distance: The Mediating Role of Self-Labeling.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2026Article
- A scoping review of health risks and outcomes from disasters in the Republic of Korea.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Crisis response in Texas youth impacted by Hurricane Harvey: A difference-in-differences analysis.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Article
- Polytraumatization, defense mechanisms, PTSD and complex PTSD in Indian adolescents: a mediation model.BMC psychology · 2023Article
- Media Exposure to Armed Conflict: Dispositional Optimism and Self-Mastery Moderate Distress and Post-Traumatic Symptoms among Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Anxiety, trauma and well-being in health-care professionals during COVID-19 first wave in Spain: the moderating role of personal protection equipment availability.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2021Article
- Paranoid Thinking and Wellbeing. The Role of Doubt in Pharmacological and Metacognitive Therapies.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe effect of indirect (versus direct) exposure to a traumatic event on the quality of life of terrorist attack victims has received considerable attention in the literature. However, more research is required to examine whether the symptoms and underlying processes caused by both types of exposure are equivalent. Our main hypothesis is that well-being plays a different role depending on indirect vs. direct trauma exposure.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, eighty direct victims of 11-M terrorist attacks (people who were traveling in trains where bombs were placed) and two-hundred indirect victims (individuals highly exposed to the 11-M terrorist attacks through communications media) voluntarily participated without compensation. To test our hypothesis regarding the mediating role of indirect exposure, we conducted a biased corrected bootstrapping procedure. To test our hypothesis regarding the moderating role of direct exposure, data were subjected to a hierarchical regression analysis.
resultsAs predicted, for indirect trauma exposure, well-being mediated the relationship between post-traumatic dysfunctional cognitions and trauma symptoms. However, for direct trauma exposure, well-being moderated the relationship between post-traumatic dysfunctional cognitions and trauma symptoms.
conclusionsThe results of our study indicate that the different role of well-being found between indirect (causal factor) and direct exposure (protective factor) should be taken into consideration in interventions designed to improve victims' health.
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