ArticleEnvironmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)2018
Environmental tin exposure in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults and children: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014.
Article in Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Fetal Exposures to Metals and Metalloids through Meconium Analyses: A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Combined effects of heavy metals and volatile organic compounds on oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of extraction methods on Monte Carlo based dietary health risk assessment of potentially harmful elements in edible plants.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Tributyltin Alters Hepatic Immune Microenvironment to ProMote Liver Fibrosis Progression in Rats.Toxics · 2026Article
- Tracing Crustal and Anthropogenic Sources of Metal(loid)s in Hurricane Harvey Floodwater Remnants in Houston, Texas.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- Occurrence of Tin in Foods and Dietary Exposure Assessment in Zhejiang Province, China.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Bioactive Potential of Fruit Juice of Black Chokeberry (Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- The associations between mixed blood heavy metal exposure and depressive symptom: a cross-sectional study in Shandong, China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Association Between Urinary Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Levels and Cardiovascular Disease Among Adult Americans: Data from NHANES 2011 to 2016.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Article
- Mo and Sn exposure associated with the increased of bone mineral density.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2025Article
- Association of metalloestrogens exposure with depression in women across reproductive lifespan.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Article
- A State-of-the-Science Review on Metal Biomarkers.Current environmental health reports · 2023Review
- Bayesian inference of chemical exposures from NHANES urine biomonitoring data.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2022Article
- Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Review
- Association between trace metals exposure and hearing loss.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Prenatal metal mixtures and fetal size in mid-pregnancy in the MADRES study.Environmental research · 2021Article
- Environmental Obesogens and Their Impact on Susceptibility to Obesity: New Mechanisms and Chemicals.Endocrinology · 2020Review
- Levels of tin and organotin compounds in human urine samples from Iowa, United States.Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tin is a naturally occurring heavy metal that occurs in the environment in both inorganic and organic forms. Human exposure to tin is almost ubiquitous; however, surprisingly little is known about factors affecting environmental tin exposure in humans. This study analyzed demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with total urinary tin levels in adults (N = 3522) and children (N = 1641) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014, a nationally representative health survey in the United States. Urinary tin levels, a commonly used biomarker of environmental tin exposure, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Detection frequencies of tin were 87.05% in adults and 91.29% in children. Median and geometric mean levels of urinary tin in the adult population were 0.42 μg/L and 0.49 μg/L, respectively. For children, median and geometric mean levels of urinary tin were 0.60 μg/L and 0.66 μg/L, respectively. Age was identified as an important factor associated with urinary tin levels. Median tin levels in the ≥60 year age group were almost 2-fold higher than the 20-39 year age group. Tin levels in children were 2-fold higher than in adolescents. Race/ethnicity and household income were associated with tin levels in both adults and children. In addition, physical activity was inversely associated with urinary tin levels in adults. These results demonstrate that total tin exposures vary across different segments of the general U.S. POPULATION: Because the present study does not distinguish between organic and inorganic forms of tin, further studies are needed to better characterize modifiable factors associated with exposures to specific tin compounds, with the goal of reducing the overall exposure of the U.S. POPULATION:
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Registered trials
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