ArticleJournal of lower genital tract disease2018
The Impact of Varying Numbers of Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Doses on Anogenital Warts in the United States: A Database Study.
Article in Journal of lower genital tract disease, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes on community rates of HPV-related disease and harms from vaccination.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Human papillomavirus vaccine effectiveness by age at vaccination: A systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Effectiveness by Age, Age at Vaccination, and Timing of Vaccination Relative to Age at First Sex Among Men Who Have Sex With Men-Seattle, Washington, 2018 to 2020.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2025Article
- Race/Ethnicity, Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Status, and Papanicolaou Test Uptake Among 27-45-Year-Old Women: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 2019-2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Data.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Review
- Vaccine efficacy against persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 infection at 10 years after one, two, and three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine in girls in India: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study.The Lancet. Oncology · 2021Article
- Vaccine Effectiveness Against Prevalent Anal and Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men-United States, 2016-2018.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Against HPV Infection: Evaluation of One, Two, and Three Doses.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Is one dose of human papillomavirus vaccine as effective as three?: A national cohort analysis.Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the effects of 3 or less quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine doses on anogenital warts in both males and females in the United States. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe conducted a retrospective database study that included males and females aged 9 to 26 years who received varying numbers of vaccine doses between 2006 and 2015. The primary outcome was the incidence of anogenital warts starting 3 months after the last dose of the HPV vaccine. Proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the association between the number of HPV vaccine doses and the incidence of anogenital warts. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the proportion of subjects.
resultsA total of 440,532 females and 133,394 males were included in the study. We found a significant 2-way interaction (p < .0001) between the number of doses and age. For the group between 15 and 19 years of age, the hazard ratio of anogenital warts for the 3-dose vaccine was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.49-0.70), whereas it was 0.65 (95% CI = 0.49-0.85) and 0.67 (95% CI = 0.51-0.89) for the 1- and 2-dose groups, respectively.
conclusionsOur findings showed that 1, 2, and 3 doses of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine were similarly effective against anogenital warts in 15- to 19-year-old adolescents, irrespective of sex.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.