ReviewFood and environmental virology2018
Persistence of Hepatitis A Virus in Fresh Produce and Production Environments, and the Effect of Disinfection Procedures: A Review.
Review in Food and environmental virology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Determining the burden of foodborne hepatitis A spread by food handlers: suggestions for a targeted vaccination?Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- The Effect of Food Processing and Preservation on the Survivability of Group A Rotavirus (SA11) in Simulated and Real Food Models.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Environmental investigation of a hepatitis A outbreak associated with spring water consumption in an Anabaptist community: Kentucky, 2018-2019.Journal of water and health · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Porcine Gastric Mucin-Based Method for Extraction of Noroviruses from Seaweed Salad.Viruses · 2025Article
- Regional and age related variations in hepatitis A virus incidence in China 2004 to 2018: a descriptive epidemiological study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Dynamic and Seasonal Distribution of Enteric Viruses in Surface and Well Water in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia).Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Point-of-Care Testing for Hepatitis Viruses: A Growing Need.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Hepatitis A virus infection.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Hepatitis a Vaccine as Opportunity of Primary Prevention for Food Handlers: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Article
- Ecological Barrier Deterioration Driven by Human Activities Poses Fatal Threats to Public Health due to Emerging Infectious Diseases.Engineering (Beijing, China) · 2022Review
- [Epidemiology of viral hepatitis A to E in Germany].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2022Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence of hepatitis A virus.Virulence · 2021Review
- Survival and Inactivation by Advanced Oxidative Process of Foodborne Viruses in Model Low-Moisture Foods.Food and environmental virology · 2021Article
- Persistence of Hepatitis A Virus RNA in Water, on Non-porous Surfaces, and on Blueberries.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Energy Requirements for Loss of Viral Infectivity.Food and environmental virology · 2020Article
- An Optimised Direct Lysis Method for Viral RNA Extraction and Detection of Foodborne Viruses on Fruits and Vegetables.Food and environmental virology · 2020Article
- Effects of Weather and Environmental Factors on the Seasonal Prevalence of Foodborne Viruses in Irrigation Waters in Gyeonggi Province, Korea.Microorganisms · 2020Article
- An outbreak of hepatitis A in Canada: The use of a control bank to conduct a case-control study.Epidemiology and infection · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although information is limited, it is evident that prolonged persistence of infectious Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a factor in the transmission of the virus via fresh produce. Consequently, data on persistence of the virus on produce, and in environments relevant to production, such as soils, water and surfaces, are required to fully understand the dynamics of transmission of HAV via foods. Furthermore, information on effective disinfection procedures is necessary to implement effective post-harvest control measures. This review summarises current information on HAV persistence in fresh produce and on relevant disinfection procedures. On vegetables, HAV can remain infectious for several days; on frozen berries, it can persist for several months. HAV can remain infectious on surfaces for months, depending on temperature and relative humidity, and can survive desiccation. It can survive for several hours on hands. Washing hands can remove the virus, but further data are required on the appropriate procedure. Chlorination is effective in water, but not when HAV is associated with foodstuffs. Bleach and other sodium hypochlorite disinfectants at high concentrations can reduce HAV on surfaces, but are not suitable for use on fresh produce. There is only limited information on the effects of heating regimes used in the food industry on HAV. HAV is resistant to mild pasteurisation. Some food components, e.g. fats and sugars, can increase the virus' resistance to higher temperatures. HAV is completely eliminated by boiling. Quantitative prevalence data are needed to allow the setting of appropriate disinfection log reduction targets for fresh produce.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.