ArticleJournal of epidemiology2019
Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Risks for Biliary Tract Cancer and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer.
Article in Journal of epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Primary Liver Cancer Trends Worldwide and in China: Analysis of GLOBOCAN 2022 Data and Disease Management Implications.Portal hypertension & cirrhosis · 2026Review
- Review
- Bile ductal mucosal dysplasia is a possible risk factor for adenocarcinoma in patients with adenomyomatous hyperplasia of the Vaterian system: a single-centre study from China.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Research progress and prospect of postoperative adjuvant therapy for resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Association between Smoking Cessation and the Risk of Cholangiocarcinoma and Ampulla of Vater Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Liver cancer · 2023Article
- Associations between cigarette smoking and biliary tract cancer by anatomic subsite and sex: a prospective cohort study in Japan.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Article
- Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapy in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2022Review
- Review
- Association of the Frequency and Quantity of Alcohol Consumption With Gastrointestinal Cancer.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Risk factors and characteristics of young patients with the biliary tract carcinoma: results of a project study for biliary surgery by the Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery.Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences · 2020Article
- Smoking, Alcohol, and Biliary Tract Cancer Risk: A Pooling Project of 26 Prospective Studies.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmoking and alcohol are established risk factors for several types of cancer, but the effects on biliary cancers, comprising biliary tract cancer (BTC) and intrahepatic bile duct cancer (IHBDC), have been inconclusive.
methodsIn this population-based prospective cohort study in Japan, we investigated the association of smoking and alcohol consumption with the risks of BTC and its subtypes and IHBDC incidence in men and women. Furthermore, the association of smoking stratified by drinking status was investigated. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard model.
resultsA total of 48,367 men and 54,776 women aged 40-69 years were enrolled from 1990 through 1994 and followed up for 846,417 person-years in men and 1,021,330 person-years in women until 2012, during which 246 BTC and 80 IHBDC male cases and 227 BTC and 60 IHBDC female cases were identified. In men, smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk of IHBDC (HR 2.25; 95% CI, 1.19-4.25 for current smokers with ≥30 pack-years compared with non-smokers), and the risk was enhanced among regular drinkers compared with non/occasional-drinkers (HR 3.48; 95% CI, 1.41-8.61). A non-significant increase of IHBDC risk associated with alcohol was observed. Neither smoking nor alcohol consumption was associated with BTC risk. In women, the association of smoking and alcohol consumption with IHBDC and BTC was unclear because current smokers and regular drinkers were very few.
conclusionOur findings suggest that smoking increases IHBDC risk in men, especially among regular drinkers.
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