ReviewProgress in retinal and eye research2018
Pathogenesis of Keratoconus: The intriguing therapeutic potential of Prolactin-inducible protein.
Review in Progress in retinal and eye research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03760770 (Riboflavin at 4ºC for the Management of Pain After Crosslinking for Keratoconus Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Riboflavin at 4ºC for the Management of Pain After Crosslinking for Keratoconus Patients
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mendelian randomization and genetic analyses reveal causal roles of immune cells and inflammatory proteins in keratoconus.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Decoding and reconstructing disease relations between dry eye and depression: a multimodal investigation comprising meta-analysis, genetic pathways and Mendelian randomization.Journal of advanced research · 2025Pooled it
- Sex Hormone Imbalance in Keratoconus: Estrogen-Mediated Collagen Remodeling and Biomechanical Weakening.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Hormonal Modulation of Keratoconus: A Systematic Review and Screening Strategy for At-Risk Populations.Ophthalmology science · 2026Review
- Sexual dimorphism in keratoconus: transcriptomic and hormonal mechanisms underlying stromal remodelling.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Article
- Sex Hormones and Keratoconus: In Search of the Link.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Sex hormone-mediated corneal remodeling in keratoconus: a multivariate analysis of tomographic and biomechanical variations across gender, age, and menstrual phases.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Analysis of Keratoconus-Related Phenotypes in Two Pcsk1 Mouse Models.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Corneal Extracellular Vesicles: Small Packages with a Big Impact.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Patients with Keratoconus in an Optometry Clinic in the Palestinian Authority.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Construction and characteristics of an adjustable biomechanical in vitro corneal stromal model simulating keratoconus pathological features.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Anterior segment and Schlemm's canal alterations during the menstrual cycle in reproductive-age Turkish women.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Keratoconus.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024Article
- Article
- Impact of Scleral Lenses on Visual Acuity and Ocular Aberrations in Corneal Ectasia: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Is there a relationship between the keratoconus and the peripapillary choroidal vasculature?International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Development of graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots-based oxygen self-sufficient platforms for enhanced corneal crosslinking.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Identification of Keratoconus-Related Phenotypes in Three Ppip5k2 Mouse Models.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Effects of hypoxia in the diabetic corneal stroma microenvironment.Experimental eye research · 2024Article
- Mendelian Randomisation Analysis of Causal Association between Lifestyle, Health Factors, and Keratoconus.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Keratoconus (KC) is the most common ectatic corneal disease, with clinical findings that include discomfort, visual disturbance and possible blindness if left untreated. KC affects approximately 1:400 to 1:2000 people worldwide, including both males and females. The aetiology and onset of KC remains a puzzle and as a result, the ability to treat or reverse the disease is hampered. Sex hormones are known to play a role in the maintenance of the structure and integrity of the human cornea. Hormone levels have been reported to alter corneal thickness, curvature, and sensitivity during different times of menstrual cycle. Surprisingly, the role of sex hormones in corneal diseases and KC has been largely neglected. Prolactin-induced protein, known to be regulated by sex hormones, is a new KC biomarker that has been recently proposed. Studies herein discuss the role of sex hormones as a control mechanism for KC onset and progression and evidence supporting the view that prolactin-induced protein is an important hormonally regulated biomarker in KC is discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.