SynthesisNutrients2018
Caffeine-Related Deaths: Manner of Deaths and Categories at Risk.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cortical Excitability Changes on the Sensorimotor Cortex Induced by Caffeine Consumption: A TMS Study
Neuroplastic Alterations of the Motor Cortex by Caffeine: Differences Between Caffeine and Non-caffeine Users and Influence of Vigilance During Stimulation
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Caffeine supplementation improves the cognitive abilities and shooting performance of elite e-sports players: a crossover trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Caffeine-Induced Effects on Human Skeletal Muscle Contraction Time and Maximal Displacement Measured by Tensiomyography.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- CsDRMH3 in tea plant (Camellia sinensis): functional study on mediating caffeine biosynthesis in relation to bud dormancy status.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Acute Intoxication with Caffeine-Containing Tablets: A Case Report with a Fatal Outcome.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Toxicology of caffeine poisoning: molecular mechanisms, toxicokinetic profiles, and clinical implications.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Caffeine Overdose-Induced Diabetic Ketoacidosis With Gastrointestinal Injury in Undiagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Targeting the cognitive failures of fatigue: a randomized, double-blind, crossover pilot trial of a rapid countermeasure in night-shift emergency physicians.Internal and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Caffeine and cardiovascular aging: exploring sex-specific impacts on risk and arrhythmias.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2025Article
- Pediatric Exposures Associated with Caffeine Energy Products Reported to United States Poison Centers, 2011-2023.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2025Article
- Development of a simple estimation method of serum caffeine concentration using a point-of-care test kit for urinary caffeine.Forensic toxicology · 2025Article
- Caffeine-clarithromycin coadministration and hyperlactatemia in a young infant: a case report.Critical care science · 2025Article
- Evaluating chemical effects on human neural cells through calcium imaging and deep learning.iScience · 2024Article
- Common questions and misconceptions about caffeine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Review
- What is more common in fatal caffeine intoxication - suicide or unintentional overdose?Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2024Review
- Caffeine and Arrhythmias: A Critical Analysis of Cardiovascular Responses and Arrhythmia Susceptibility.Journal of the Saudi Heart Association · 2024Review
- A case of caffeine intoxication resulting in hypothermia.Clinical case reports · 2023Article
- The Dark Side of Energy Drinks: A Comprehensive Review of Their Impact on the Human Body.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Alcohol and caffeine synergistically induce spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias: ameliorated with dantrolene treatment.Heart rhythm O2 · 2023Article
- Successful Use of Continuous Veno-Venous Haemodialysis in a Case of Potential Lethal Caffeine Intoxication.Toxics · 2023Article
- Elevation of Anticancer Drug Toxicity by Caffeine in Spheroid Model of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells Mediated by Reduction in Claudin-2 and Nrf2 Expression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive compound worldwide. It is mostly found in coffee, tea, energizing drinks and in some drugs. However, it has become really easy to obtain pure caffeine (powder or tablets) on the Internet markets. Mechanisms of action are dose-dependent. Serious toxicities such as seizure and cardiac arrhythmias, seen with caffeine plasma concentrations of 15 mg/L or higher, have caused poisoning or, rarely, death; otherwise concentrations of 3⁻6 mg/kg are considered safe. Caffeine concentrations of 80⁻100 mg/L are considered lethal. The aim of this systematic review, performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement for the identification and selection of studies, is to review fatal cases in which caffeine has been recognized as the only cause of death in order to identify potential categories at risk. A total of 92 cases have been identified. These events happened more frequently in infants, psychiatric patients, and athletes. Although caffeine intoxication is relatively uncommon, raising awareness about its lethal consequences could be useful for both clinicians and pathologists to identify possible unrecognized cases and prevent related severe health conditions and deaths.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.