Trial reportJournal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997)
Utilizing T-cell Activation Signals 1, 2, and 3 for Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) Expansion: The Advantage Over the Sole Use of Interleukin-2 in Cutaneous and Uveal Melanoma.
Trial report in Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytokine co-presentation on targeted lipid nanoparticles enhances in vivo T cell engineering.Biomaterials · 2027Article
- From Immunobiology to Clinical Application: Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Melanoma.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- The opportunities and barriers for developing tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy for patients with advanced genitourinary cancers.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- IL-2-independent expansion, persistence, and antitumor activity in TIL expressing regulatable membrane-bound IL-15.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Tumor infiltration therapy: from FDA approval to next-generation approaches.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy for Melanoma and Other Solid Tumors: Looking Back, Yet Moving Forward.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2025Review
- Tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy landscape: prospects and challenges.BMJ oncology · 2025Review
- Anti-CD137 agonist antibody-independent and clinically feasible preparation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from soft tissue sarcoma and osteosarcoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Based on the immune system: the role of the IL-2 family in pancreatic disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Advances and prospects in tumor infiltrating lymphocyte therapy.Discover oncology · 2024Review
- Efficacy and safety of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in recurrent or refractory ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- New Treatment Horizons in Uveal and Cutaneous Melanoma.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The immune checkpoint VISTA is associated with prognosis in patients with malignant uveal melanoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals Trajectory of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte States in Pancreatic Cancer.Cancer discovery · 2022Article
- Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) Therapy for Solid Tumor Treatment: Progressions and Challenges.Cancers · 2022Review
- CRISPR-mediated TGFBR2 knockout renders human ovarian cancer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes resistant to TGF-β signaling.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Genomic Correlates of Outcome in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2022Article
- DSP107 combines inhibition of CD47/SIRPα axis with activation of 4-1BB to trigger anticancer immunity.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2022Article
- Combined IL-2, agonistic CD3 and 4-1BB stimulation preserve clonotype hierarchy in propagated non-small cell lung cancer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Isolation and Maintenance of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes for Translational and Clinical Applications: Established Methods and New Developments.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In this study, we address one of the major critiques for tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy-the time needed for proper expansion of a suitable product. We postulated that T-cell receptor activation in the first phase of expansion combined with an agonistic stimulation of CD137/4-1BB and interleukin-2 would favor preferential expansion of CD8 TIL. Indeed, this novel 3-signal approach for optimal T-cell activation resulted in faster and more consistent expansion of CD8CD3 TIL. This new method allowed for successful expansion of TIL from cutaneous and uveal melanoma tumors in 100% of the cultures in <3 weeks. Finally, providing the 3 signals attributed to optimal T-cell activation led to expansion of TIL capable of recognizing their tumor counterpart in cutaneous and uveal melanoma. This new methodology for the initial phase of TIL expansion brings a new opportunity for translation of TIL therapy in challenging malignancies such as uveal melanoma.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.