ReviewFrontiers in aging neuroscience2018
A Review of the Pedunculopontine Nucleus in Parkinson's Disease.
Review in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pedunculopontine Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Gait Disorder in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Neurochemical research · 2020Pooled it
- Nigral stimulation for freezing of gait: kinematic gait parameters inform optimization of stimulation frequency.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Structural-Functional Correlates of Response to Pedunculopontine Stimulation in a Randomized Clinical Trial for Axial Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2023Trial
- Anatomy of Cerebro-cerebellar Circuits in Motor Control.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026Review
- The central cholinergic system as a therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Excessive daytime sleepiness in parkinsonism is associated with cortical and basal ganglia beta oscillatory activity.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Multilevel functional network signature of Pisa syndrome in Parkinson's disease: a resting-state fMRI study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neurons of the precuneiform nucleus share structural and functional properties of the mesencephalic locomotor region.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Altered pedunculopontine pathways in freezing of gait: a diffusion tensor imaging study based on dopaminergic degeneration status.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Curcumin treatment reduces motor impairments and protects against rotenone-induced neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
- Immediate Motor Control Enhancement via Pallidothalamic Tract (PTT) Circuit Ablation: A Dual-Target MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Approach for Tremor-Dominant Parkinson's Disease.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- Impairment in the behavioral control of body sway, gaze shift, and mental workload in Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A neuroscientific model of near-death experiences.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Pedunculopontine-stimulation obstructs hippocampal theta rhythm and halts movement.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation on Balance in Parkinson's Disease as Measured Using Posturography-A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Attentional dysfunction arises from right frontocentral and occipital network connectivity in Parkinson's disease.Neuroimage. Reports · 2025Article
- Modulating the cholinergic system-Novel targets for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Postural instability and gait disturbance are associated with abnormal stereopsis in Parkinson's disease.PloS one · 2025Article
- Enhancing sleep quality in synucleinopathies through physical exercise.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is situated in the upper pons in the dorsolateral portion of the ponto-mesencephalic tegmentum. Its main mass is positioned at the trochlear nucleus level, and is part of the mesenphalic locomotor region (MLR) in the upper brainstem. The human PPN is divided into two subnuclei, the pars compacta (PPNc) and pars dissipatus (PPNd), and constitutes both cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons with afferent and efferent projections to the cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia (BG), cerebellum, and spinal cord. The BG controls locomotion and posture via GABAergic output of the substantia nigra pars reticulate (SNr). In PD patients, GABAergic BG output levels are abnormally increased, and gait disturbances are produced via abnormal increases in SNr-induced inhibition of the MLR. Since the PPN is vastly connected with the BG and the brainstem, dysfunction within these systems lead to advanced symptomatic progression in Parkinson's disease (PD), including sleep and cognitive issues. To date, the best treatment is to perform deep brain stimulation (DBS) on PD patients as outcomes have shown positive effects in ameliorating the debilitating symptoms of this disease by treating pathological circuitries within the parkinsonian brain. It is therefore important to address the challenges and develop this procedure to improve the quality of life of PD patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.