ArticleCell metabolism2018
Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes.
Article in Cell metabolism, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 14 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 837 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Impact of Meal Timing on Neurovascular Control in Adults
Effect Of Intermittent Fasting 5: 2 To Waist Circumference, Insulin Resistance And Oxidative Stress Marker In Obese Workers In Jakarta
The Effect of 4 Days of Extended Evening Fasting on Metabolic Health, Energy Balance and Appetite
The Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting Towards Elevated Blood Pressure Among Civil Servants in Aceh
Application of Time Restriction Feeding in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Time Limited Eating in New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Effect on β-cell Function
Time Restricted Eating as a Treatment for Pediatric Obesity
The Effect of Acute Time-Restricted Eating on Energy Intake, Subjective Appetite and Glycaemic Control in Young Healthy Males
The Effect of Prolonged Overnight Fast on Postprandial Energy Metabolism and Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Sensitivity in Healthy Humans
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases (NAFLD) Among Gallstone and Cholecystectomy Patients and the Impact of a Novel Diet and Muscle Training Program
Two Different Dietary Approaches In Body Composition And Serum Hormone Levels: Time-Restricted And Extended Feeding
Time-Restricted Eating in Alzheimer's Disease : The T.R.E.A.D Trial
The Impact of Time Restricted Eating on Type 2 Diabetes Study
Family-Based Meal Timing for Cancer Prevention Among Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders: FAMTIME
Who cites it
837 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,409 citations in OpenAlex.
- Time-restricted eating in overweight and obese adults: an evidence summary and clinical recommendations.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of intermittent fasting on HbA1c and weight in insulin versus oral hypoglycemic therapy-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Early, midday, and late time-restricted eating impact on anthropometry and cardiometabolic health: a network meta-analysis of RCTs.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- The effects of intermittent fasting on BMI, fasting blood glucose, and blood pressure in women with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis with dose-response relationships.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Psychological and Psychiatric Consequences of Prolonged Fasting: Neurobiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Efficiency of time-restricted eating and energy restriction on anthropometrics and body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Pooled it
- Disrupted Rhythms, Disrupted Microbes: A Systematic Review of Shift Work and Gut Microbiota Alterations.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Time-Restricted Eating Improves Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- The Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Inflammatory Markers in Adults: A Systematic Review and Pairwise and Network Meta-Analyses.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Additional Effect of Exercise to Intermittent Fasting on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Health in Adults With Overweight/obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Current obesity reports · 2025Pooled it
- Intermittent fasting strategies and their effects on body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of intermittent fasting on obesity and metabolic indices in patients with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Time-restricted eating versus dietetic guidance on glycaemic outcomes in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a non-inferiority randomised clinical trial.Diabetologia · 2026Trial
- Time-Restricted Eating on Appetite and Inflammation in Adults With Obesity and Prediabetes: A Randomized Feeding Study.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Trial
- Time-Restricted Eating Is Feasible and Acceptable and Improves Glycemic Control in Veterans with Spinal Cord Injury and Obesity: A Pilot Trial.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Effect of an Acute Prolonged Overnight Fast on Skeletal Muscle Insulin and Anabolic Sensitivity in Healthy Men.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- The Effects of Time-Restricted Feeding and Exercise on Cardiometabolic Health in Sedentary Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2026Trial
- Early meal timing improves nocturnal glucose in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Trial
- Changes in Resting Energy Expenditure in Response to Different Dietary Patterns: A Randomized Clinical Trial Exploratory Sub-Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Trial
777 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) improves cardiometabolic health; however, it is unknown whether these effects are due solely to weight loss. We conducted the first supervised controlled feeding trial to test whether IF has benefits independent of weight loss by feeding participants enough food to maintain their weight. Our proof-of-concept study also constitutes the first trial of early time-restricted feeding (eTRF), a form of IF that involves eating early in the day to be in alignment with circadian rhythms in metabolism. Men with prediabetes were randomized to eTRF (6-hr feeding period, with dinner before 3 p.m.) or a control schedule (12-hr feeding period) for 5 weeks and later crossed over to the other schedule. eTRF improved insulin sensitivity, β cell responsiveness, blood pressure, oxidative stress, and appetite. We demonstrate for the first time in humans that eTRF improves some aspects of cardiometabolic health and that IF's effects are not solely due to weight loss.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.