SynthesisInternational urogynecology journal2018
Multiparity, age and overweight/obesity as risk factors for urinary incontinence in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International urogynecology journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age at first birth and risk of urinary incontinence after delivery: a dose-response meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Urinary incontinence during pregnancy and in the postpartum period.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Risk factor analysis and predictive model for the alleviation of postpartum stress urinary incontinence: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Care-seeking behaviors and risk factors in women with postpartum urinary incontinence.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The prevalence and persistence of maternal morbidities after first vs. second birth: A prospective cohort study in Ireland.PloS one · 2025Article
- Pelvic floor dysfunction and electrophysiology in postpartum women at 6-8 weeks.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Hormonal Influence in Stress Urinary Incontinence During Pregnancy and Postpartum.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2022Article
- Pregnancy weight gain may affect perinatal outcomes, quality of life during pregnancy, and child-bearing expenses: an observational cohort study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2021Observational
- Assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms during pregnancy: an observational cross-sectional study from Palestine.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Observational
- Quality of life among pregnant women with urinary incontinence: A cross-sectional study in a Malaysian primary care clinic.PloS one · 2021Article
- Impact of prepregnancy body mass index on pregnancy outcomes, incidence of urinary incontinence and quality of life during pregnancy - An observational cohort study.Biomedical journal · 2020Observational
- Urinary incontinence and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public health facilities of Mekelle city, Tigray, Ethiopia.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisMultiparity, age and high body mass index (BMI) are the most widely investigated factors associated with urinary incontinence (UI) during pregnancy. We hypothesized that multiparity, age 35 years or older and high BMI (prepregnancy and during pregnancy) are risk factors for the occurrence of UI in pregnant women.
methodsSearches were done on MEDLINE/PubMed (1966-2017), LILACS/BIREME (1982-2017), CINAHL/Ebsco (1981-2017) and Scopus/Elsevier (1950-2017). The following criteria were used for study eligibility: (1) population: low-risk pregnant women in any trimester and without age restriction; (2) exposure factors: multiparity (≥ 2 deliveries), age 35 years or older and high BMI (overweight and obesity); (3) outcome: UI during pregnancy; (4) study design: cohort, case-control or cross-sectional studies that used multivariate logistic analysis. Two independent reviewers performed the entire systematic review process. Data extraction of each article was done and, when possible, included in a meta-analysis. Risk of study bias was assessed by NOS and quality of evidence by GRADE. A significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was adopted. The PROSPERO registration number was CRD42014013193.
resultsOf 1176 articles identified through searches, 13 were included after screening and application of eligibility criteria. Very low quality of evidence shows that multiparity (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.07 to 4.08), age 35 years or older (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.45 to 1.62) and overweight and obesity during pregnancy (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.28 to 1.83) are risk factors for UI in pregnancy.
conclusionsThe exposure factors investigated are risk factors for UI in pregnancy based on a very low quality of evidence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.