ArticleDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2018
Survival and Prognostic Factors in Mixed Cryoglobulinemia: Data from 246 Cases.
Article in Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cryoglobulinemia: An update on classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Cryoglobulinemia, monoclonal and mixed cryoglobulinemia syndromes, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis:Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Ocular manifestations of cryoglobulinemia: a reappraisal.Eye (London, England) · 2024Observational
- Hepatitis B virus-infection related cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Clinical manifestations and the effect of antiviral therapy: A review of the literature.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Burden, Outcome, and Comorbidities of Extrahepatic Manifestations in Hepatitis C Virus Infection.Biology · 2022Review
- Extrahepatic Manifestations of Chronic HBV Infection and the Role of Antiviral Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Review
- Review
- Immune disorders and rheumatologic manifestations of viral hepatitis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- Renal Involvement and HBV Infection Are Common in Chinese Patients With Cryoglobulinemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Mixed Cryoglobulinemia Syndrome (MCS) due to untreated hepatitis B with uncommon presentation: case report and literature review.BMC rheumatology · 2020Article
- Clinicopathological study of mixed cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis secondary to hepatitis B virus infection.BMC nephrology · 2020Article
- Diagnostic Abilities for Determining the Level of Blood Cryoglobulins in the Choice of Tactics for Operations on the Small Intestine.Journal of medicine and lifeArticle
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe clinical and therapeutic management of mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) remains a subject of controversy. In addition, most studies have not recorded the long-term follow-up and the outcome of these cases. MATERIAL AND
methodsWe enrolled 246 patients affected by MC who were consecutively admitted to our Department from January 1993 to February 2013. Clinical and biological data had been recorded until June 2014.
resultsThe median age (at diagnosis) was 60 years (range 26⁻83). The aetiology was HCV in 95% of patients, HBV in 3% and “essential” in 2%. HCV genotype was 1b in 57%, genotypes 2⁻3 in 43%. MC was Type II in 203 of the cases (87%) and Type III in 52 (13%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were purpura (72%), chronic liver disease (70%), glomerulonephritis (35%), arthralgias (58%), peripheral neuropathy (21%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (15%) and cutaneous ulcers (3%). Purpura, arthralgias, peripheral neuropathy, glomerulonephritis and non-Hodgkin lymphoma were more frequently observed in Type II than in Type III MC (
conclusionsFrom our data, antiviral therapy is the first-line therapy in HCV-related MC, whereas steroids, alkylating agents and Rituximab should be considered as a second-line therapy. Given the heterogeneity of the disease, the role of these different therapeutic strategies should be checked in randomized controlled trials.
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