ArticleMusculoskeletal science & practice2018
The Central Sensitization Inventory and Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire: An exploration of construct validity and associations with widespread pain sensitivity among individuals with shoulder pain.
Article in Musculoskeletal science & practice, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03838471 (Correlation Between Symptoms of Central Sensitization and Cognitive Behavioral Factors in People With Chronic Shoulder Pain), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Correlation Between Symptoms of Central Sensitization and Cognitive Behavioral Factors in People With Chronic Shoulder Pain
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures in chronic pain conditions with central sensitization- a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2025Pooled it
- Tests for central sensitization in general practice: a Delphi study.BMC family practice · 2021Pooled it
- Mobilization with movement plus exercise versus exercise alone for patients with central sensitization associated with chronic subacromial pain syndrome: a sham-controlled randomized clinical trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Trial
- Central Sensitization as a Marker of Cognitive and Emotional Vulnerability in Chronic Low Back Pain.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Chronic Overlapping Pain and Central Sensitization in Chronic Pelvic Pain: Do Positive and Negative Affect Play a Role?Pain research & management · 2026Article
- The pathophysiologic mechanisms of spinal manipulative therapy in the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain.The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association · 2025Article
- The impact of central sensitization-related symptoms on subacromial steroid injection outcomes in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: an observational study.The Korean journal of pain · 2025Article
- Explaining persistent physical symptoms to patients in general practice: can tests to measure central sensitisation add value? A mixed-methods study.BMC primary care · 2024Article
- Reliability of Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) and Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM) in Participants with and without Chronic Shoulder Pain.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Correlations of The Central Sensitization Inventory, conditioned pain modulation, cognitions and psychological factors in individuals with chronic neck pain: A cross-sectional study.Pain and therapy · 2024Article
- Cervical and Thoracic Spine Mobility in Rotator Cuff Related Shoulder Pain: A Comparative Analysis with Asymptomatic Controls.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Does central sensitization correlate with two-year postoperative functional outcome scores following hip arthroscopy?Journal of orthopaedics · 2024Article
- The Central Sensitization Inventory Measures Thoughts and Emotions.Journal of patient experience · 2024Article
- Limited content overlap between commonly used self-report instruments for central (pain) sensitization in rheumatology.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2024Article
- Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and measurement properties of the Arabic version of the pain sensitivity questionnaire.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The effect of central sensitization on disease activity measures, quality of life and clinical parameters in axial spondyloarthritis: a cross-sectional study.Journal of rheumatic diseases · 2023Article
- Exploratory Study on Central Sensitization and Bioelectrical Activity of the Selected Masticatory Muscles in Subjects with Myopia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Association of Central Sensitization Inventory Scores With Pain Outcomes After Endometriosis Surgery.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Association between Experimental Pain Measurements and the Central Sensitization Inventory in Patients at Least 3 Months after COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) and Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) are alternatives to quantitative sensory testing (QST) for inferring central sensitization.
objectiveExplore 1) comparative validity of the CSI and PSQ with QST (construct validity) and pain-related psychological questionnaires (concurrent validity), and 2) associations with widespread pain sensitivity.
methodsSeventy-eight participants with unilateral shoulder pain less than 6 months (mean ± SD age = 39.0 ± 14.5 years, N (%) females = 36 (46.2%)) completed the CSI, PSQ, psychological questionnaires, and underwent QST for local and remote pressure pain thresholds (PPT), heat pain threshold, and suprathreshold heat pain ratings. Data from 25 age and sex-matched healthy participants (mean ± SD age = 35.2 ± 11.1 year, N (%) females = 13 (52.0%)) were used to determine a composite index for widespread pressure pain sensitivity in the shoulder pain group. Analyses included correlations between measures and between-group comparisons.
resultsOnly the PSQ was associated with remote PPT (rho range = -0.25 to -0.27). Both the CSI and PSQ were associated with resilience (rho range = -0.29 to -0.39), anxiety (rho range = 0.25 to 0.66), and negative affect (rho range = 0.27 to 0.67). Neither the CSI nor PSQ were associated with widespread pain sensitivity (p > 0.05). Resilience (adjusted OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.18; 0.94) was a distinctive feature for widespread pain sensitivity.
conclusionsThese preliminary findings challenge the exclusive use of the CSI or PSQ for inferring central sensitization among individuals with shoulder pain.
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