ArticlePLoS pathogens2018
RitR is an archetype for a novel family of redox sensors in the streptococci that has evolved from two-component response regulators and is required for pneumococcal colonization.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- A clarifying perspective on bacterial pseudo-receiver domains.Journal of bacteriology · 2025Review
- Characterization of two co-regulated response regulators inJournal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- The desulfinylation enzyme sulfiredoxin-1 attenuates HSC activation and liver fibrosis by modulating the PTPN12-NLRP3 axis.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2025Article
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- A comprehensive analysis of pneumococcal two-component system regulatory networks.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2024Article
- Dps Functions as a Key Player in Bacterial Iron Homeostasis.ACS omega · 2023Review
- Pneumococcal capsule expression is controlled through a conserved, distal cis-regulatory element during infection.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- The oxidative stress response ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Redox Sensing Modulates the Activity of the ComE Response Regulator of Streptococcus mutans.Journal of bacteriology · 2021Article
- RNase Z Oxidative Degradation Impedes tRNA Maturation and is Involved in Streptococcal Translation Regulation in Response to Oxidative Stress.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- The Two-Component System 09 ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Article
- The Pneumococcal Iron Uptake Protein A (PiuA) Specifically Recognizes Tetradentate FeJournal of molecular biology · 2020Article
- Regulation of pneumococcal epigenetic and colony phases by multiple two-component regulatory systems.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- A Pangenome Approach for Discerning Species-Unique Gene Markers for Identifications ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- TprA/PhrA Quorum Sensing System Has a Major Effect on Pneumococcal Survival in Respiratory Tract and Blood, and Its Activity Is Controlled by CcpA and GlnR.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
To survive diverse host environments, the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae must prevent its self-produced, extremely high levels of peroxide from reacting with intracellular iron. However, the regulatory mechanism(s) by which the pneumococcus accomplishes this balance remains largely enigmatic, as this pathogen and other related streptococci lack all known redox-sensing transcription factors. Here we describe a two-component-derived response regulator, RitR, as the archetype for a novel family of redox sensors in a subset of streptococcal species. We show that RitR works to both repress iron transport and enable nasopharyngeal colonization through a mechanism that exploits a single cysteine (Cys128) redox switch located within its linker domain. Biochemical experiments and phylogenetics reveal that RitR has diverged from the canonical two-component virulence regulator CovR to instead dimerize and bind DNA only upon Cys128 oxidation in air-rich environments. Atomic structures show that Cys128 oxidation initiates a "helical unravelling" of the RitR linker region, suggesting a mechanism by which the DNA-binding domain is then released to interact with its cognate regulatory DNA. Expanded computational studies indicate this mechanism could be shared by many microbial species outside the streptococcus genus.
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