ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2018
Implications of the Propensity Score Matching Paradox in Pharmacoepidemiology.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic differences in effect estimates between observational studies and randomized control trials in meta-analyses in nephrology.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Examining the Efficacy of Coarsened Exact Matching as an Alternative to Propensity Score Matching.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- Nicotinamide for Skin Cancer Chemoprevention: The Jury Was Out and Still is.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2026Review
- Rising Trends and Safety of Outpatient Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: A Propensity-Matched National Analysis.Cureus · 2026Article
- Risk of Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Article
- GLP-1RA and the risk of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A population-based study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Comparative Gastrointestinal Safety of Dulaglutide, Semaglutide, and Tirzepatide in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.Annals of internal medicine · 2026Article
- A threshold effect of Apolipoprotein A1 levels on systemic inflammatory response index in individuals with osteoporotic fractures: a cross-sectional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Ten-Year Trend in the Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing of Renally-Dependent Medicines in Australian General Practice Patients with Dementia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk for Depression in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes : A Target Trial Emulation Study.Annals of internal medicine · 2025Article
- Propensity Score Matching: should we use it in designing observational studies?BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Association of pre-exiting heart failure with long-term mortality and the recurrence of sepsis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2024Article
- Propensity score matching.Nature methods · 2024Article
- Empagliflozin and Risk of Incident Gout: Analysis from the EMPagliflozin Comparative Effectiveness and SafEty (EMPRISE) Cohort Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk for Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors in U.S. Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes : A Target Trial Emulation Study.Annals of internal medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Comparison of two propensity score-based methods for balancing covariates: the overlap weighting and fine stratification methods in real-world claims data.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Article
- Risks of incident major osteoporotic fractures following SARS-CoV-2 infection among older individuals: a population-based cohort study in Hong Kong.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated that propensity score matching may lead to increased covariate imbalance, even with the corresponding decrease in propensity score distance between matched units. The extent to which this paradoxical phenomenon might harm causal inference in real epidemiologic studies has not been explored. We evaluated the effect of this phenomenon using insurance claims data from the Pharmaceutical Assistance Contract for the Elderly (1999-2002) and Medicaid Analytic eXtract (2000-2007) databases in the United States. For each data set, we created several 1:1 propensity-score-matched data sets by manipulating the size of the covariate set used to generate propensity scores, the index exposure prevalence in the prematched data set, and the matching algorithm. We matched all index units, then progressively pruned matched sets in order of decreasing propensity score distance, calculating covariate imbalance after each pruning. Although covariate imbalance sometimes increased after progressive pruning of matched sets, the application of commonly used propensity score calipers for defining an acceptable match stopped pruning near the lowest region of the imbalance trend and resulted in an improvement over the imbalance in the prematched data set. Thus, propensity score matching does not appear to induce increased covariate imbalance when standard propensity score calipers are applied in these types of pharmacoepidemiologic studies.
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