ReviewNature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology2018
The gut-liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome.
Review in Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 845 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
845 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The association between oral hygiene and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease - a systematic review.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of Gut Microbiota on the Clinical Course and Treatment Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer-A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Probiotics as emerging adjuncts in metabolic associated fatty liver disease therapy-a systemic review.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Pooled it
- Current progress and emerging trends of car-based immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a data-driven atlas from multidatabase integration.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of ParaprobioticJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Trial
- Microbial cues and T cell immunity: deciphering their interactions in chronic liver disease.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Glutamine metabolism in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- The biliary microbiome in symptomatic cholelithiasis: a prospective comparison across distinct bacterial niches.BMC microbiology · 2026Observational
- Aflatoxin-associated hepatocarcinogenesis in a changing climate: the gut microbiome as a missing link in the One Health framework.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Elucidating the beneficial effects of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in treating hepatocellular carcinoma: an integrated network pharmacology, molecular docking, and single-cell sequencing analysis.Bioresources and bioprocessing · 2026Article
- Gut Commensal Bacteria Ameliorate Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting Macrophage M1 Polarization Through Secondary Bile Acids in a Murine Liver Fibrosis Model.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Liver response to early embryonic stimulation with xylo-and mannooligosaccharides in broiler chickens.Journal of applied genetics · 2026Article
- Chronic infection and metabolic stress: a converging axis driving hypertension and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease outcomes.American journal of hypertension · 2026Review
- A transferable gut microbiota-bile acid pathway programs nanomedicine pharmacokinetics and therapeutic response.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of the Gut Microbiome-Circadian Axis in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Microbiome-Immune Interactions as Determinants of Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Hidden Burden: Liver and Gastrointestinal Involvement in Chronic Granulomatous Disease.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- [Fibroblast growth factor 21 improves alcoholic liver disease by regulating gut microbiota in mice].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota Recovery After Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Bacteriophages as Phagobiotics: Scientific Rationale and Translational Boundaries for Gut Microbiome Modulation.Viruses · 2026Review
785 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In the past decade, an exciting realization has been that diverse liver diseases - ranging from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma - fall along a spectrum. Work on the biology of the gut-liver axis has assisted in understanding the basic biology of both alcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Of immense importance is the advancement in understanding the role of the microbiome, driven by high-throughput DNA sequencing and improved computational techniques that enable the complexity of the microbiome to be interrogated, together with improved experimental designs. Here, we review gut-liver communications in liver disease, exploring the molecular, genetic and microbiome relationships and discussing prospects for exploiting the microbiome to determine liver disease stage and to predict the effects of pharmaceutical, dietary and other interventions at a population and individual level. Although much work remains to be done in understanding the relationship between the microbiome and liver disease, rapid progress towards clinical applications is being made, especially in study designs that complement human intervention studies with mechanistic work in mice that have been humanized in multiple respects, including the genetic, immunological and microbiome characteristics of individual patients. These 'avatar mice' could be especially useful for guiding new microbiome-based or microbiome-informed therapies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.