Trial reportBMC pregnancy and childbirth2018
The treatment of booking gestational diabetes mellitus (TOBOGM) pilot randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effect of continuous glucose monitoring on neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review of interventions in early pregnancy among pregnant individuals at risk for hyperglycemia.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2025Pooled it
- Ethnic Differences in Characteristics of Women Diagnosed With Early Gestational Diabetes: Findings From the TOBOGM Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Trial
- Effect of treatment for early gestational diabetes mellitus on neonatal respiratory distress: A secondary analysis of the TOBOGM study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Trial
- Various screening and diagnosis approaches for gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a secondary analysis of a randomized non-inferiority field trial.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2023Trial
- Does fasting plasma glucose values 5.1-5.6 mmol/l in the first trimester of gestation a matter?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- Article
- Mild and non-persistent fasting plasma glucose elevation in the first trimester of pregnancy is not associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Early gestational diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes: do they differ in perinatal outcome- a retrospective analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Update on: Firsttrimester Diagnosis and Therapy @ 11 - 13Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2025Article
- GDM screening & intervention @ 11 - 13Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2025Article
- Optimal timing for diagnosis of gestational diabetes as a determinant of pregnancy outcomes: exploring the particularities in a low-income population.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Article
- Gestational diabetes mellitus remains the risk factor for neonatal adverse outcomes in multiparous women.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- The effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on fetal growth: is it different for low-risk and medium-high-risk pregnant women?Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment of early gestational diabetes mellitus: economic evaluation of the TOBOGM study, an international multicenter randomized controlled trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Complications and risk factors of early-onset versus late-onset gestational diabetes mellitus: A cohort study from Saudi Arabia.Saudi medical journal · 2023Article
- Early screening for gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2022Review
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus-Recent Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Fetal abdominal overgrowth is already present at 20-24 gestational weeks prior to diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe piloted a randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing pregnancy outcomes among women with booking gestational diabetes (GDM) receiving immediate or deferred treatment.
methodsConsecutive, consenting women < 20 weeks gestation, with GDM risk factors attending the hospital book-in clinic, completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Clinicians were blinded to OGTT results. Women fulfilling World Health Organisation GDM criteria were randomised to either clinic referral /ongoing treatment (Treated Group n = 11), or no treatment (No Treatment Group n = 10). Women without 'Booking GDM' ('Decoys' n = 58) and those in the No Treatment Group had a repeat OGTT at 24-28 weeks (with GDM treated if diagnosed). Midwives and mothers were asked to complete surveys and attend focus groups before and after the study respectively regarding their experiences and expectations of the study protocol.
resultsSufficient women completed each step of the RCT. Gestation at OGTT was late at 18 ± 2 weeks with Treated and No Treatment groups largely similar. At 24-28 weeks gestation, GDM was present in 8/9 (89%) in the No Treatment group and 11/56 (20%) Decoys. NICU admission was highest in the Treated group (36% vs 0% p = 0.043), largely due to small for gestational age, and Large for Gestational Age babies greatest in the No Treatment group (0% vs 33% p = 0.030).
conclusionAn RCT deferring 'Booking GDM' treatment is feasible. Most women with untreated 'Booking GDM' in mid 2nd trimester had GDM at 24-28 weeks. Early treatment may have both benefits and harms. A full RCT is needed.
trial registrationAustralia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12615000974505. Registered 17th May 2015; URL: https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=369100&isReview=true Retrospectively Registered.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.