SynthesisEpidemiologic reviews2018
Smoking in Correctional Settings Worldwide: Prevalence, Bans, and Interventions.
Synthesis in Epidemiologic reviews, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Drug use among people in prison: A global review of epidemiology, harms and interventions.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Mental and physical health morbidity among people in prisons: an umbrella review.The Lancet. Public health · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of incarceration on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-regression on weight and BMI change.BMJ open · 2020Pooled it
- The Management of Withdrawal From Alcohol and Other Drugs in Australian Custodial Settings: A Consensus Statement.The Medical journal of Australia · 2026Article
- Lung Cancer in the Incarcerated Population: A Narrative Review.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Use of Psychoactive Substances Before Incarceration Among Prison Inmates With Drug Abuse or Dependence: Data From the OPPIDUM Program.Fundamental & clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Mapping Oral Health and Tobacco Risk Profiles Among Incarcerated Populations in a Central Prison of Navi Mumbai Using a Novel TRACE Framework-A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Identifying potential barriers and enablers to smoking abstinence after leaving a smokefree prison using the capabilities, opportunities, motivations -behaviour (COM-B) model: a qualitative interview study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Recent evidence on rates and factors influencing smoking behaviours after release from smoke-free prisons: a scoping review.International journal of prison health · 2024Article
- Review
- Smoking induced salivary microbiome dysbiosis and is correlated with lipid biomarkers.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Mortality in women with a history of incarceration in Norway: a 20-year national cohort study.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- The effect of smoking in inflammatory bowel disease outcomes.Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Experiences of quitting smoking in prisons: A qualitative study of people in custody.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Implementation of a national smoke-free prison policy: an economic evaluation within the Tobacco in Prisons (TIPs) study.Tobacco control · 2023Article
- A Qualitative Study of the Implementation and Continued Delivery of Complete and Partial Smoke-Free Policies Across England's Prison Estate.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Nine years of smoking data from incarcerated men: A call to action for tobacco dependence interventions.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- [Suicides in the German prison system: frequency, risk factors, and prevention].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2022Review
- Tobacco Use Among People Incarcerated in Western Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Tobacco use insights · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smoking tobacco contributes to 11.5% of deaths worldwide and, in some countries, more hospitalizations than alcohol and drugs combined. Globally in 2015, 25% of men and 5% of women smoked. In the United States, a higher proportion of people in prison smoke than do community-dwelling individuals. To determine smoking prevalence in prisons worldwide, we systematically reviewed the literature using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines; we also examined whether prisons banned smoking or treated smokers. We searched databases for articles published between 2012 and 2016 and located 85 relevant articles with data representing 73.5% of all incarcerated persons from 50 countries. In 35 of 36 nations (97%) with published prevalence data, smoking for the incarcerated exceeded community rates 1.04- to 62.6-fold. Taking a conservative estimate of a 2-fold increase, we estimated that, globally, 14.5 million male and 26,000 female smokers pass through prisons annually. Prison authorities' responses include permitting, prohibiting, or treating tobacco use. Bans may temporarily improve health and reduce in-prison health care costs but have negligible effect after prison release. Evidence-based interventions for smoking cessation effective outside prisons are effective inside; effects persist after release. Because smoking prevalence is heightened in prisons, offering evidence-based interventions to nearly 15 million smokers passing through yearly would improve global health.
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