ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2018
Determining the Best Immunization Strategy for Protecting African Children Against Invasive Salmonella Disease.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and immunogenicity of Vi-diphtheria toxoid typhoid conjugate vaccine among children below 2 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of conjugate vaccine for typhoid (Vi-DT): Finding from an observer-blind, active-controlled, randomized, non-inferiority, phase III clinical trial among healthy volunteers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of the Vi-DT typhoid conjugate vaccine in healthy volunteers in Nepal: an observer-blind, active-controlled, randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Non-typhoidal Salmonella combination vaccines: clinical development plan and regulatory considerations.Vaccine · 2025Review
- Foodborne Infections andVaccines · 2024Review
- Review
- A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial to Evaluate Immune Equivalence and Safety of Multidose and Single-dose Formulations of Vi-DT Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Filipino Individuals 6 Months to 45 Years of Age.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2022Article
- Review on the Recent Advances on Typhoid Vaccine Development and Challenges Ahead.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Review
- Typhoid Outbreaks, 1989-2018: Implications for Prevention and Control.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Review
- A Multicenter Cost-of-Illness and Long-term Socioeconomic Follow-up Study in the Severe Typhoid Fever in Africa Program: Study Protocol.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Salmonella Typhi From Blood Cultures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A 10-Year Surveillance.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella enterica Bloodstream Isolates Among Febrile Children in a Rural District in Northeastern Tanzania: A Cross-sectional Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- The global burden and epidemiology of invasive non-typhoidalHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Review
- Functional analysis of Salmonella Typhi adaptation to survival in water.Environmental microbiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
32 authors at 19 institutions in 18 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization recently prequalified a typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), recommending its use in persons ≥6 months to 45 years residing in typhoid fever (TF)-endemic areas. We now need to consider how TCVs can have the greatest impact in the most vulnerable populations. Methods: The Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP) was a blood culture-based surveillance of febrile patients from defined populations presenting at healthcare facilities in 10 African countries. TF and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease incidences were estimated for 0-10 year-olds in one-year age increments. Results: Salmonella Typhi and iNTS were the most frequently isolated pathogens; 135 and 94 cases were identified, respectively. Analysis from three countries was excluded (incomplete person-years of observation (PYO) data). Thirty-seven of 123 TF cases (30.1%) and 71/90 iNTS disease cases (78.9%) occurred in children aged <5 years. No TF and 8/90 iNTS infections (8.9%) were observed in infants aged <9 months. The TF incidences (/100 000 PYO) for children aged <1 year and 1 to <2 years were 5 and 39, respectively; the highest incidence was 304 per 100 000 PYO in 4 to <5 year-olds. The iNTS disease incidence in the defined age groups ranged between 81 and 233 per 100 000 PYO, highest in 1 to <2 year-olds. TF and iNTS disease incidences were higher in West Africa. Conclusions: High burden of TF detected in young children strengthens the need for TCV introduction. Given the concurrent iNTS disease burden, development of a trivalent vaccine against S. Typhi, S. Typhimurium, and S. Enteritidis may be timely in this region.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.