Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29746524›Full record

Trial reportPloS one2018

Evaluating verbal learning and memory in patients with an at-risk mental state or first episode psychosis using structural equation modelling.

Laura Egloff, Erich Studerus, Ronan Zimmermann, Ulrike Heitz, Stephanie Menghini-Müller, Sarah Ittig, Katharina Beck, Christina Andreou, Stefan Borgwardt, Anita Riecher-Rössler

Open access · goldAbstract readClinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 39% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Food memory test to evaluate memory function.Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) · 2021
    Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Laura EgloffDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Erich StuderusCenter for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Ronan ZimmermannDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Ulrike HeitzCenter for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Stephanie Menghini-MüllerDepartment of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Sarah IttigCenter for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Katharina BeckDepartment of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Christina AndreouCenter for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Stefan BorgwardtDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Anita Riecher-RösslerCenter for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-6361-8789
University of Basel · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVerbal learning and memory are impaired not only in patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) but also-to a lower extent-in those with an at-risk mental state for psychosis (ARMS). However, little is known about the specific nature of these impairments. Hence, we aimed to study learning and memory processes in ARMS and FEP patients by making use of structural equation modelling.

methodsVerbal learning was assessed with the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) in 98 FEP patients, 126 ARMS patients and 68 healthy controls (HC) as part of the Basel early detection of psychosis (FePsy) study. The four-factorial CFA model of Donders was used to estimate test performance on latent variables of the CVLT and growth curve analysis was used to model the learning curve. The latter allows disentangling initial recall, which is strongly determined by attentional processes, from the learning rate.

resultsThe CFA model revealed that ARMS and FEP patients were impaired in Attention Span, Learning Efficiency and Delayed Memory and that FEP patients were additionally impaired in Inaccurate Memory. Additionally, ARMS-NT, but not ARMS-T, performed significantly worse than HC on Learning Efficiency. The growth curve model indicated that FEP patients were impaired in both initial recall and learning rate and that ARMS patients were only impaired in the learning rate.

conclusionsSince impairments were more pronounced in the learning rate than the initial recall, our results suggest that the lower scores in the CVLT reported in previous studies are more strongly driven by impairments in the rate of learning than by attentional processes.

Indexed as

Mental RecallModels, PsychologicalVerbal LearningAdultFemaleHumansMaleProspective StudiesPsychotic Disorders

Identifiers

PMID29746524
PMCPMC5944996
OpenAlexW2802543421

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.