ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2018
Disentangling complex parasite interactions: Protection against cerebral malaria by one helminth species is jeopardized by co-infection with another.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- In vivo reduction of Treg expansion in rodent helminth-malaria coinfection.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Unravelling complex interactions during Toxoplasma, Plasmodium, and Leishmania co-infections in French Guiana.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integrated assessment of malaria parasite load, anemia, and associated factors in patients with and without soil-transmitted helminthes coinfection in Southern Ethiopia.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota composition differences are associated with geographic location and age in malaria-endemic regions of Rwanda.PloS one · 2025Observational
- A systematic review and guide for using multi-response statistical models in co-infection research.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Effects of Age, Gender and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection on Prevalence ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- An investigation ofInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2022Article
- Article
- Possible Interactions between Malaria, Helminthiases and the Gut Microbiota: A Short Review.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Microbial (co)infections: Powerful immune influencers.PLoS pathogens · 2022Review
- Plasmodium falciparum and Helminth Coinfections Increase IgE and Parasite-Specific IgG Responses.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Indirect interactions among co-infecting parasites and a microbial mutualist impact disease progression.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Article
- An Ecologically Framed Comparison of The Potential for Zoonotic Transmission of Non-Human and Human-Infecting Species of Malaria Parasite.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2021Review
- Asymptomatic Malaria and Helminths Coinfection and Its Association with Anemia among Primary School Children in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of tropical medicine · 2021Article
- Malaria Parasitemia in Febrile Patients Mono- and Coinfected with Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Attending Sanja Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.Journal of parasitology research · 2020Article
- Infection against infection: parasite antagonism against parasites, viruses and bacteria.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2019Review
- Associations between soil-transmitted helminthiasis and viral, bacterial, and protozoal enteroinfections: a cross-sectional study in rural Laos.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Antagonistic effects of Plasmodium-helminth co-infections on malaria pathology in different population groups in Côte d'Ivoire.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- The Influence of Parasite Infections on Host Immunity to Co-infection With Other Pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multi-species interactions can often have non-intuitive consequences. However, the study of parasite interactions has rarely gone beyond the effects of pairwise combinations of species, and the outcomes of multi-parasite interactions are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of co-infection by four gastrointestinal helminth species on the development of cerebral malaria among Plasmodium falciparum-infected patients. We characterized associations among the helminth parasite infra-community, and then tested for independent (direct) and co-infection dependent (indirect) effects of helminths on cerebral malaria risk. We found that infection by Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura were both associated with direct reductions in cerebral malaria risk. However, the benefit of T. trichiura infection was halved in the presence of hookworm, revealing a strong indirect effect. Our study suggests that the outcome of interactions between two parasite species can be significantly modified by a third, emphasizing the critical role that parasite community interactions play in shaping infection outcomes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.