SynthesisEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2018
Long-term Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide and Mortality: A Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies.
Synthesis in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Journal of internal medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental research · 2021Pooled it
- Long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Science of the total environment · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of long term outdoor nitrogen dioxide exposure and mortality.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Long-term exposure to NOEnvironment international · 2020Pooled it
- The Effects of Fine Dust, Ozone, and Nitrogen Dioxide on Health.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2019Pooled it
- Nitrogen dioxide exposures from LPG stoves in a cleaner-cooking intervention trial.Environment international · 2021Trial
- TROPOMI CO and NOEnvironmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Use of public health benefits to design air pollution emission abatement strategies.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Intersections as Hot Spots: Assessing the Contribution of Localized Nontailpipe Emissions and Noise on the Association Between Traffic and Children's Lung Function.Research report (Health Effects Institute) · 2026Article
- Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Birth Weight: The Roles of Noise, Placental Function, Green Space, Physical Activity, and Socioeconomic Status (FRONTIER).Research report (Health Effects Institute) · 2026Article
- Engineering rhodium encapsulated indium doped fullerene for NHScientific reports · 2025Article
- Organoid for Air Pollution Toxicity Assessment: Advances and Environmental Applicability.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Global impact of air pollution on cancer: causal evidence and health inequities across regions from 1990 to 2021.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Explainable AI for effective management of urban heat sources.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A feasibility study evaluating the usability and acceptability of the personalised space technology exercise platform mobile application.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- DFT study of the electronic properties and gas sensing characteristics of the novel AgScientific reports · 2025Article
- Viability studies of bacterial strains exposed to nitrogen oxides and light in controlled atmospheric conditions.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Epidemiological and Toxicological Intersection of Air Pollution and Dementia.Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology · 2025Review
- Challenging unverified assumptions in causal claims: Do gas stoves increase risk of pediatric asthma?Global epidemiology · 2024Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConcentrations of outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) have been associated with increased mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) from cohort studies are used to assess population health impact and burden. We undertook meta-analyses to derive concentration-response functions suitable for such evaluations and assessed their sensitivity to study selection based upon cohort characteristics.
methodsWe searched online databases and existing reviews for cohort studies published to October 2016 that reported HRs for NO2 and mortality. We calculated meta-analytic summary estimates using fixed/random-effects models.
resultsWe identified 48 articles analyzing 28 cohorts. Meta-analysis of HRs found positive associations between NO2 and all cause (1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.03]; prediction interval [PI]: [0.99, 1.06] per 10 µg/m increment in NO2), cardiovascular (1.03 [95% CI: 1.02, 1.05]; PI: [0.98, 1.08]), respiratory (1.03 [95% CI: 1.01, 1.05]; PI: [0.97, 1.10]), and lung cancer mortality (1.05 [95% CI: 1.02, 1.08]; PI: [0.94, 1.17]) with evidence of substantial heterogeneity between studies. In subgroup analysis, summary HRs varied by age at cohort entry, spatial resolution of pollution estimates, and adjustment for smoking and body mass index at the individual level; for some subgroups, the HR was close to unity, with lower confidence limits below 1.
conclusionsGiven the many uncertainties inherent in the assessment of this evidence base and the sensitivity of health impact calculations to small changes in the magnitude of the HRs, calculation of the impact on health of policies to reduce long-term exposure to NO2 should use prediction intervals and report ranges of impact rather than focusing upon point estimates.
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