ArticleClinical and experimental dental research2018
Effects of gum chewing exercise on maximum bite force according to facial morphology.
Article in Clinical and experimental dental research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07726511 (The Effect of Intentional Hard Gum Chewing on Facial Morphology), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Intentional Hard Gum Chewing on Facial Morphology: a 3DMD-based Analysis x
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral health care interventions on objective indicators of oral frailty in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Synchronized with Chewing Exercises on Bite Force and Masseter Muscle Thickness in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in South Korea: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Masseter Muscle Thickness and Maximal Bite Force Among Healthy Community-Dwelling Persons Aged 65 Years and Older: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Occlusal force analysis with T-Scan and Innobyte in adult patients: a prospective study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Effect of gum-chewing exercise on maintaining and improving oral function in older adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial.Journal of dental sciences · 2024Article
- Unveiling the Influence of the Curve of Spee on Bite Force and Chewing Ability: A Comparative Study.International journal of clinical practice · 2024Article
- Relationship between a gum-chewing routine and oral, physical, and cognitive functions of community-dwelling older adults: A Kashiwa cohort study.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2024Article
- Improvements in Maximum Bite Force with Gum-Chewing Training in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Establishment of a new rehabilitation program using masticatory training food for jaw deformity patients.Journal of dental sciences · 2022Article
- Simple oral exercise with chewing gum for improving oral function in older adults.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2021Article
- Effects of functional training after orthognathic surgery on masticatory function in patients with mandibular prognathism.Journal of dental sciences · 2020Article
- Effects of gum chewing exercise on maximum bite force according to facial morphology.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Development of the masticatory system is influenced by functional needs. Furthermore, masticatory exercise can improve masticatory function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of the gum chewing exercise on the maximum bite force (MBF) in adult subjects with different facial morphologies. MBF was measured by a portable occlusal force gauge and lateral cephalogram was used for evaluation of craniofacial morphology in 19 individuals (7 males and 12 females) with a mean age of 25.4 years (SD ± 4.3). The volunteers underwent gum chewing exercise for 5 min twice a day for 4 weeks. MBF was measured before (T1) and after the 4-week exercise (T2). The facial morphology of the subjects was classified into the brachy (n = 7), mesio (n = 7), and dolicho (n = 5) facial types. In all three groups, exercise was associated with a significant increase in MBF, though the percent increase was highest in the dolicho facial type. We conclude that gum chewing exercise can improve masticatory performance, especially in individuals with dolicho facial morphology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.