ArticleAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2018
The social biography of antibiotic use in smallholder dairy farms in India.
Article in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding how veterinarians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices influence antibiotic prescription: a systematic review of survey studies.BMC veterinary research · 2025Pooled it
- Contribution of veterinary sector to antimicrobial resistance in One Health compendium: an insight from available Indian evidence.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Pooled it
- Comparing the Effectiveness of Different Approaches to Raise Awareness About Antimicrobial Resistance in Farmers and Veterinarians of India.Frontiers in public health · 2022Trial
- Bovine MastitisAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Use and Resistance: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Broiler Farmers in Mzimba, Malawi.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antibiotic use and resistance awareness among ruminant and poultry farmers in Tunisia.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial usage assessment and the factors associated among small-scale household dairy farms in a district of southern India.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2025Article
- Article
- Modern agriculture and One Health.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2024Article
- From Herd Health to Public Health: Digital Tools for Combating Antibiotic Resistance in Dairy Farms.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- When the solution becomes the problem: a review on antimicrobial resistance in dairy cattle.Future microbiology · 2024Review
- Knowledge and practices related to antibiotics among poultry producers and veterinarians in two Indian states.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Antibiotic disposal challenges in India: investigating causes and effects.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2024Review
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Thai Dairy Farmers on the Use of Antibiotics.Veterinary medicine international · 2024Article
- Accessing the behavior and awareness of veterinary professionals towards antimicrobials use and antimicrobial resistance in Indian district.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Microbial Contamination and Antibiotic Resistance in Marketed Food in Bangladesh: Current Situation and Possible Improvements.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci from the Dairy Value Chain in Two Indian States.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Assessing the effect of a canine surgical-neutering educational programme on the knowledge and confidence of Indian veterinary participants.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Article
- Antibiotic governance and use on commercial and smallholder farms in eastern China.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been identified as one of the major threats to global health, food security and development today. While there has been considerable attention about the use and misuse of antibiotics amongst human populations in both research and policy environments, there is no definitive estimate of the extent of misuse of antibiotics in the veterinary sector and its contribution to AMR in humans. In this study, we explored the drivers ofirrational usage of verterinary antibiotics in the dairy farming sector in peri-urban India. Methods and materials: The study was conducted in the peri-urban belts of Ludhiana, Guwahati and Bangalore. A total of 54 interviews (formal and non-formal) were carried out across these three sites. Theme guides were developed to explore different drivers of veterinary antimicrobial use. Data was audio recorded and transcribed. Analysis of the coded data set was carried out using AtlasTi. Version 7. Themes emerged inductively from the set of codes. Results: Findings were presented based on concept of 'levels of analyses'. Emergent themes were categorised as individual, health systems, and policy level drivers. Low level of knowledge related to antibiotics among farmers, active informal service providers, direct marketing of drugs to the farmers and easily available antibiotics, dispensed without appropriate prescriptions contributed to easy access to antibiotics, and were identified to be the possible drivers contributing to the non-prescribed and self-administered use of antibiotics in the dairy farms. Conclusions: Smallholding dairy farmers operated within very small margins of profits. The paucity of formal veterinary services at the community level, coupled with easy availability of antibiotics and the need to ensure profits and minimise losses, promoted non-prescribed antibiotic consumption. It is essential that these local drivers of irrational antibiotic use are understood in order to develop interventions and policies that seek to reduce antibiotic misuse.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.