Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29743673›Full record

ArticleNature2018

Ancient hepatitis B viruses from the Bronze Age to the Medieval period.

Barbara Mühlemann, Terry C Jones, Peter de Barros Damgaard, Morten E Allentoft, Irina Shevnina, Andrey Logvin, Emma Usmanova, Irina P Panyushkina, Bazartseren Boldgiv, Tsevel Bazartseren and 24 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · bronzeAbstract readHistorical Article
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 108 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
108citing papers in PubMed
22.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

108 citing papers in PubMed, 230 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Ancient DNA and Human Physiology.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026
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  9. Recovery of an 18bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Hepatitis B virus integration and hepatocarcinogenesis.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2025
    Review
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  15. Article
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48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

34 authors at 20 institutions in 12 countries.

Barbara MühlemannCenter for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Terry C JonesCenter for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Peter de Barros DamgaardCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Morten E AllentoftCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Irina ShevninaArchaeological Laboratory, Faculty of History and Law, A. A. Baitursynov Kostanay State University, Kostanay, Kazakhstan.
Andrey LogvinArchaeological Laboratory, Faculty of History and Law, A. A. Baitursynov Kostanay State University, Kostanay, Kazakhstan.
Emma UsmanovaSaryarka Archaeological Institute, Karaganda State University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
Irina P PanyushkinaLaboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Bazartseren BoldgivDepartment of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Tsevel BazartserenLaboratory of Virology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Kadicha TashbaevaNational Academy of Sciences, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
Victor MerzPavlodar State University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan.
Nina LauCentre for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology, Schleswig, Germany.
Václav SmrčkaInstitute for History of Medicine and Foreign Languages of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Dmitry VoyakinMargulan Institute of Archaeology, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Egor KitovN. N. Miklouho-Maklay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Andrey EpimakhovSouth Ural Department, Institute of History and Archaeology UBRAS, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia.
Dalia PokuttaDepartment of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Magdolna ViczeMatrica Museum, Százhalombatta, Hungary.
T Douglas PriceDepartment of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Vyacheslav MoiseyevDepartment of Physical Anthropology, Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
Anders J HansenCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Ludovic OrlandoCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Simon RasmussenDepartment of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Martin SikoraCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Lasse VinnerCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Albert D M E OsterhausResearch Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Derek J SmithCenter for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Dieter GlebeInstitute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Ron A M FouchierDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Christian DrostenInstitute of Virology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Karl-Göran SjögrenDepartment of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Kristian KristiansenDepartment of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Eske WillerslevCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. ewillerslev@snm.ku.dk.
Natural History Museum Aarhus · DKUniversity of Gothenburg · SECharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin · DEKostanay State University A Baitursynov · KZUniversity of Cambridge · GBUniversity of Copenhagen · DKCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of History · CZErasmus University Rotterdam · NLInstitute of Archaeology named after A.Kh.Margulan · KZJustus-Liebig-Universität Gießen · DEKaragandy State University · KZMongolian University of Life Sciences · MNNational Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan · KGNational University of Mongolia · MNPeter the Great's Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography · RURussian Academy of Sciences · RUSouth Ural State University · RUStiftung Schleswig-Holsteinische Landesmuseen · DEStockholm University · SETechnical University of Denmark · DK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of human hepatitis. There is considerable uncertainty about the timescale of its evolution and its association with humans. Here we present 12 full or partial ancient HBV genomes that are between approximately 0.8 and 4.5 thousand years old. The ancient sequences group either within or in a sister relationship with extant human or other ape HBV clades. Generally, the genome properties follow those of modern HBV. The root of the HBV tree is projected to between 8.6 and 20.9 thousand years ago, and we estimate a substitution rate of 8.04 × 10

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularPhylogenyAfricaAnimalsAsiaEuropeGenotypeHepatitis BHepatitis B virusHistory, AncientHistory, MedievalHominidaeHuman MigrationHumansRecombination, Genetic

Identifiers

PMID29743673
OpenAlexW2801745197

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.