Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29742139›Full record

ArticlePloS one2018

A novel soft tissue prediction methodology for orthognathic surgery based on probabilistic finite element modelling.

Paul G M Knoops, Alessandro Borghi, Federica Ruggiero, Giovanni Badiali, Alberto Bianchi, Claudio Marchetti, Naiara Rodriguez-Florez, Richard W F Breakey, Owase Jeelani, David J Dunaway and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
6.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  7. AI-assisted mesh generation for subject-specific modeling of facial soft tissues.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2025
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  9. Review
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  19. Deep learning for biomechanical modeling of facial tissue deformation in orthognathic surgical planning.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2022
    Article
  20. Parametrizing the genioplasty: a biomechanical virtual study on soft tissue behavior.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Paul G M KnoopsUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-4772-8408
Alessandro BorghiUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
Federica RuggieroUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
Giovanni BadialiOral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, St Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
Alberto BianchiOral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, St Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
Claudio MarchettiOral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, St Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
Naiara Rodriguez-FlorezUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
Richard W F BreakeyUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
Owase JeelaniUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
David J DunawayUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
Silvia SchievanoUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
Great Ormond Street Hospital · GBIRCCS Azienda Ospedliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola · ITMondragon Unibertsitatea · ES

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Repositioning of the maxilla in orthognathic surgery is carried out for functional and aesthetic purposes. Pre-surgical planning tools can predict 3D facial appearance by computing the response of the soft tissue to the changes to the underlying skeleton. The clinical use of commercial prediction software remains controversial, likely due to the deterministic nature of these computational predictions. A novel probabilistic finite element model (FEM) for the prediction of postoperative facial soft tissues is proposed in this paper. A probabilistic FEM was developed and validated on a cohort of eight patients who underwent maxillary repositioning and had pre- and postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans taken. Firstly, a variables correlation assessed various modelling parameters. Secondly, a design of experiments (DOE) provided a range of potential outcomes based on uniformly distributed input parameters, followed by an optimisation. Lastly, the second DOE iteration provided optimised predictions with a probability range. A range of 3D predictions was obtained using the probabilistic FEM and validated using reconstructed soft tissue surfaces from the postoperative CBCT data. The predictions in the nose and upper lip areas accurately include the true postoperative position, whereas the prediction under-estimates the position of the cheeks and lower lip. A probabilistic FEM has been developed and validated for the prediction of the facial appearance following orthognathic surgery. This method shows how inaccuracies in the modelling and uncertainties in executing surgical planning influence the soft tissue prediction and it provides a range of predictions including a minimum and maximum, which may be helpful for patients in understanding the impact of surgery on the face.

Indexed as

Orthognathic SurgeryAdolescentAdultCephalometryCone-Beam Computed TomographyFaceFemaleFinite Element AnalysisHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedLipMaleMandibleMaxillaNoseSoftware

Identifiers

PMID29742139
PMCPMC5942840
OpenAlexW2800812237

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.