Trial reportThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2019
Variety of Enriching Early-Life Activities Linked to Late-Life Cognitive Functioning in Urban Community-Dwelling African Americans.
Trial report in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of cognitive activity and access to resources with cognitive decline in a broad representation of older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Is Early-Life Enrichment Associated With Better Cognitive Function Among Older Adults? Examining Home and School Environments.Journal of aging and health · 2025Article
- Racialized experience, biomarkers of lead exposure, and later-life cognition: a mediation analysis.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Cognitive and physical activities are associated with cognitive resilience in a memory clinic cohort.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Childhood Adversity and Adult Inflammation: Exploring the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation in the MIDUS II Study.Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2024Article
- Epigenetic age acceleration as a biomarker for impaired cognitive abilities in adulthood following early life adversity and psychiatric disorders.Neurobiology of stress · 2023Article
- Neighborhood Cohesion Across the Life Course and Effects on Cognitive Aging.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Article
- Life course engagement in enriching activities: When and how does it matter for cognitive aging?Psychology and aging · 2023Article
- Who Has Active Lifestyles? Sociodemographic and Personality Correlates of Activity Diversity in Two Samples of Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Article
- Pathways explaining racial/ethnic and socio-economic disparities in incident all-cause dementia among older US adults across income groups.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Risk of Dementia Differs Across Lifestyle Engagement Subgroups: A Latent Class and Time-to-Event Analysis in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2022Article
- Rich and Balanced Experiences of Daily Emotions Are Associated With Activity Diversity Across Adulthood.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2022Article
- Life course linkages between enriching early-life activities and later life cognition: Evidence from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- The Impact of Early Neighborhood Cohesion, and Its Mechanism, on Cognitive Function in Later Life.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Relationships between enriching early life experiences and cognitive function later in life are mediated by educational attainment.Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice · 2021Article
- Traits and treadmills: Association between personality and perceived fatigability in well-functioning community-dwelling older adults.Psychology and aging · 2021Article
- Enriching activities during childhood are associated with variations in functional connectivity patterns later in life.Neurobiology of aging · 2021Article
- Change Is Good for the Brain: Activity Diversity and Cognitive Functioning Across Adulthood.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2021Article
- Environmental influences on the pace of brain development.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2021Review
- Adverse childhood circumstances and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: Lower level or faster decline?SSM - population health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe early environment is thought to be a critical period in understanding the cognitive health disparities African Americans face today. Much is known about the positive role enriching environments have in mid- and late-life and the negative function adverse experiences have in childhood; however, little is known about the relationship between enriching childhood experiences and late-life cognition. The current study examines the link between a variety of enriching early-life activities and late-life cognitive functioning in a sample of sociodemographic at-risk older adults.
methodThis study used data from African Americans from the Brain and Health Substudy of the Baltimore Experience Corps Trial (M = 67.2, SD = 5.9; N = 93). Participants completed a battery of neuropsychological assessments and a seven-item retrospective inventory of enriching activities before age 13.
resultsFindings revealed that a greater enriching early-life activity score was linked to favorable outcomes in educational attainment, processing speed, and executive functioning. DISCUSSION: Results provide promising evidence that enriching early environments are associated with late-life educational and cognitive outcomes. Findings support the cognitive reserve and engagement frameworks, and have implications to extend life-span prevention approaches when tackling age-related cognitive declines, diseases, and health disparities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.