ReviewHepatology international2018
Immune checkpoint receptors: homeostatic regulators of immunity.
Review in Hepatology international, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- TIM-3, a potential target for sepsis therapy.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint landscape in CD4⁺ T cells stratifies HIV-infected individuals by clinical progression.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Multiple roles of ANO6 in tumors, molecular mechanism and its potential therapeutic value.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Soluble Herpes Virus Entry Mediator and Type II/III Interferons Are Upregulated in Primary Biliary Cholangitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The role of immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4 in cardiovascular complications leading to heart failure.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- NLRP3 activation maintains intestinal epithelial barrier and reduces liver injury in alcoholic liver disease mice.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Article
- Pathophysiology of Arginases in Cancer and Efforts in Their Pharmacological Inhibition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Machine learning models based on fluid immunoproteins that predict non-AIDS adverse events in people with HIV.iScience · 2024Article
- Therapeutic and immunomodulatory potentials of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and immune checkpoints related molecules.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the Immune Checkpoints, TIM-3 and PD-1, as well as Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines IL-10, and TGF-β along with Diseases Activity in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria.International journal of molecular and cellular medicine · 2024Article
- GLIS1, Correlated with Immune Infiltrates, Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Prostate Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- A bispecific Clec9A-PD-L1 targeted type I interferon profoundly reshapes the tumor microenvironment towards an antitumor state.Molecular cancer · 2023Article
- Nanoparticle-enhanced proton beam immunoradiotherapy drives immune activation and durable tumor rejection.JCI insight · 2023Article
- A Pathogenic Role of Non-Parenchymal Liver Cells in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease of Infectious and Non-Infectious Origin.Biology · 2023Review
- Editorial: Soluble immune checkpoints: Novel physiological immunomodulators.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- LAMP3 expression in the liver is involved in T cell activation and adaptive immune regulation in hepatitis B virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Novel therapeutic strategies for chronic hepatitis B.Virulence · 2022Review
- A review of alcohol-pathogen interactions: New insights into combined disease pathomechanisms.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2022Review
- Monitoring Circulating Immune Checkpoint Proteins as Predictors of Non-AIDS Morbid Events in People With HIV Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is an escalating global problem accounting for more than 3 million deaths annually. Bacterial infections are diagnosed in 25-47% of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and represent the most important trigger for acute decompensation, multi-organ failure, septic shock and death. Current guidelines recommend intensive antibiotic therapy, but this has led to the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. As such, there is a pressing need to explore new paradigms for anti-infective therapy and host-directed immunomodulatory therapies are a promising approach. Paradoxically, cirrhotic patients are characterised by heightened immune activity and exacerbated inflammatory processes but are unable to contend with bacterial infection, demonstrating that whilst immune effector cells are primed, their antibacterial effector functions are switched-off, reflecting a skewed homeostatic balance between anti-pathogen immunity and host-induced immunopathology. Preservation of this equilibrium physiologically is maintained by multiple immune-regulatory checkpoints and these feedback receptors serve as pivotal regulators of the host immunity. Checkpoint receptor blockade is proving to be effective at rescuing deranged/exhausted immunity in pre-clinical studies for chronic viral infection and sepsis. This approach has also obtained FDA approval for restoring anti-tumor immunity, with improved response rates and good safety profiles. To date, no clinical studies have investigated checkpoint blockade in ALD, highlighting an area for development of host-targeted immunotherapeutic strategies in ALD, for which there are no current specific treatment options. This review aims at framing current knowledge on immune checkpoints and the possibility of their therapeutic utility in ALD-associated immune dysfunctions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.