ArticleFrontiers in immunology2018
Targeting and Therapy of Glioblastoma in a Mouse Model Using Exosomes Derived From Natural Killer Cells.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exosomes derived from umbilical cord blood NK cells inhibit the progression of pancreatic cancer by targeting ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2025Article
- Peptide based vesicles for cancer immunotherapy: design, construction and applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Biomimetic nanocarriers in cancer therapy: based on intercellular and cell-tumor microenvironment communication.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Current approaches in glioblastoma multiforme immunotherapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Review
- From bench to bedside: The promising value of exosomes in precision medicine for CNS tumors.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Article
- Combined Role of Interleukin-15 Stimulated Natural Killer Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Carboplatin in Osimertinib-Resistant H1975 Lung Cancer Cells with EGFR Mutations.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Doxorubicin-loaded NK exosomes enable cytotoxicity against triple-negative breast cancer spheroids.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2024Article
- Serum basic fibroblast growth factor and interleukin-1β predict the effect of first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Article
- Natural killer cell-derived exosomes for cancer immunotherapy: innovative therapeutics art.Cancer cell international · 2023Review
- Cellular nanovesicles for therapeutic immunomodulation: A perspective on engineering strategies and new advances.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Review
- Insights into Exosome Transport through the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Potential Therapeutical Applications in Brain Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Role of Intravesicular Proteins and the Protein Corona of Extracellular Vesicles in the Development of Drug-Induced Polyneuropathy.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Adipose Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Strategy for Metabolic Disorders.Stem cells international · 2023Review
- Extracellular vesicles: emerging anti-cancer drugs and advanced functionalization platforms for cancer therapy.Drug delivery · 2022Review
- The roles of small extracellular vesicles in cancer and immune regulation and translational potential in cancer therapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2022Review
- In Vivo Imaging for the Visualization of Extracellular Vesicle-Based Tumor Therapy.ChemistryOpen · 2022Review
- Different Sourced Extracellular Vesicles and Their Potential Applications in Clinical Treatments.Cells · 2022Review
- Identification of distinct cytotoxic granules as the origin of supramolecular attack particles in T lymphocytes.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Harnessing Natural Killer Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy: A Review of Mechanisms and Novel Therapies.Cancers · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2019-07-16Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions · Error in Data ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor that is resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Natural killer (NK) cells have been used to treat incurable cancers. Recent studies have investigated the effectiveness of NK-cell-derived exosomes (NK-Exo) for treating incurable cancers such as melanoma, leukemia, and neuroblastoma; however, NK-Exo have not been used to treat glioblastoma. In the present study, we investigated the antitumor effects of NK-Exo against aggressive glioblastoma both Methods: U87/MG cells were transfected with the enhanced firefly luciferase (effluc) and thy1.1 genes; thy1.1-positive cells were selected using microbeads. U87/MG/F cells were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting, and luciferase-activity assays. NK-Exo were isolated by ultracentrifugation, purified by density gradient centrifugation, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle-tracking analysis (NTA), and western blotting. Cytokine levels in NK-Exo were compared to those in NK cells and NK-cell medium by performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NK-Exo-induced apoptosis of cancer cells was confirmed by flow cytometry and western blotting. Results: RT-PCR and western blotting confirmed the gene and protein expression of effluc in U87/MG/F cells, with the bioluminescence activity of U87/MG/F cells increasing with an increase in cell number. NTA and DLS results indicated that the size of NK-Exo was ~100 nm, and the western blot results confirmed that NK-Exo expressed exosome markers CD63 and Alix. We confirmed the Conclusion: NK-Exo targeted and exerted antitumor effects on glioblastoma cells both
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.