ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2018
Quantitative assessment of prefrontal cortex in humans relative to nonhuman primates.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 153 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Accurate localization and coactivation profiles of the frontal eye field and inferior frontal junction: an ALE and MACM fMRI meta-analysis.Brain structure & function · 2023Pooled it
- Genetic and phylogenetic uncoupling of structure and function in human transmodal cortex.Nature communications · 2022Pooled it
- A randomized trial comparing beam F3 and 5.5 cm targeting in rTMS treatment of depression demonstrates similar effectiveness.Brain stimulationTrial
- What is common to memory retrieval and relational reasoning? Testing neural overlap in anterior lateral prefrontal cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- CIVET-Chimp: An automated pipeline for MRI-based cortical surface extraction in chimpanzees.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Article
- Phylogeny of Cortical-Hippocampal Projections Reveals Selective Elimination of Input From Sensory Regions.Hippocampus · 2026Article
- A Hybrid RF Coil for Whole-Brain Imaging in Non-Human Primates at 7 T.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- A hierarchical framework for cortical and subcortical gray-matter parcellation across rodents, primates, and humans.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Individualized parcellation reveals functional boundaries in human prefrontal cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Evolution of the frontal aslant tract and implications for primate vocalization and human speech.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Imaging Genomics Across Primate Species: Advancing Understanding of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Bridging Histology and Tractography: First In Vivo Visualization of Short-Range Prefrontal Connections Informed by Primate Tract-Tracing.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Comparing the Limbic-Frontal Connectome across the Primate Order: Conservation of Connections and Implications for Translational Neuroscience.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Using multimodal cortical parcellations to identify novel regions of the human cerebral cortex associated with cognitive performance.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- The inferior frontal sulcus in the chimpanzee brain: morphological examination and association with oro-facial communication.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Evolutionary implications ofBrain communications · 2026Article
- Development of a 24-channel 3T phased-array coil for fMRI in awake monkeys: Mitigating spatiotemporal artifacts in ferumoxytol-weighted functional connectivity estimation.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- The prefrontal operculum, a human-specific hub for the cognitive control of speech.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Cross-Species Cortical Geometry Reveals Conserved Gradients Across Primates and Human-Specific Expansion.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Region-specific proteomic analysis of aging rhesus macaques following chronic glutamate-carboxypeptidase-II (GCPII) inhibition elucidates potential treatment strategies for sporadic Alzheimer's disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Abstract
Humans have the largest cerebral cortex among primates. The question of whether association cortex, particularly prefrontal cortex (PFC), is disproportionately larger in humans compared with nonhuman primates is controversial: Some studies report that human PFC is relatively larger, whereas others report a more uniform PFC scaling. We address this controversy using MRI-derived cortical surfaces of many individual humans, chimpanzees, and macaques. We present two parcellation-based PFC delineations based on cytoarchitecture and function and show that a previously used morphological surrogate (cortex anterior to the genu of the corpus callosum) substantially underestimates PFC extent, especially in humans. We find that the proportion of cortical gray matter occupied by PFC in humans is up to 1.9-fold greater than in macaques and 1.2-fold greater than in chimpanzees. The disparity is even more prominent for the proportion of subcortical white matter underlying the PFC, which is 2.4-fold greater in humans than in macaques and 1.7-fold greater than in chimpanzees.
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