ArticleBMC cancer2018
Incidence of breast and colorectal cancer among immigrants in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective cohort study from 2004-2014.
Article in BMC cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gendered interpretations of the causes of breast cancer: a structured review of migrant studies.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Social determinants of colorectal cancer risk, stage, and survival: a systematic review.International journal of colorectal disease · 2020Pooled it
- Emerging trends in the global burden of colorectal cancer.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Risk of colorectal cancer by socioeconomic position and history of mental illness - a national nested case-control study.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Constitutional Epimutations: From Rare Events Toward Major Cancer Risk Factors?JCO precision oncology · 2025Review
- Cancer incidence in immigrants by geographical area of origin: data from the Veneto Tumour Registry, Northeastern Italy.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Stage of colorectal cancer diagnosis for immigrants: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2021Article
- Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Cancer Incidence Risk, Cancer Staging, and Survival of Patients with Colorectal Cancer under Universal Health Insurance Coverage in Taiwan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The colon cancer screening behaviours survey for South Asians: a pilot study of feasibility and psychometric evaluation.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2020Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundStudies have shown that morbidity and mortality rates due to cancer among recent immigrants are lower than those among the native-born population. The objectives of this study were to describe the incidence of colorectal and breast cancer among immigrants from major regions of the world compared to Canadian-born residents of the province of Ontario and to examine the role of length of stay and neighborhood income.
methodsRetrospective cohort study including all individuals 18 years and over residing in Ontario from 2004 to 2014. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) were calculated for immigrants from each world region versus Canadian-born residents and stratified by neighborhood income quintile and length of stay. Binomial regression analysis was used to determine the association of neighbourhood income, length of stay, and location of birth with colorectal and breast cancer incidence.
resultsCanadian immigrants born in South Asia had the lowest colorectal and breast cancer incidence (colorectal: women: ASIR = 0.14; men: ASIR = 0.18; breast: ASIR = 1.00) compared to long-term residents during the study period (colorectal: women: ASIR = .57; men: ASIR = .72; breast cancer ASIR = 1.61). In multivariate analyses, neighboorhood income did not consistently play a significant role in colorectal cancer incidence; however higher neighbourhood income was a risk factor for breast cancer among immigrant women (adjusted relative risk for highest neighboorhood income quintile versus lowest income quintile =1.21, 95% CI = 1.18-1.24). Increased length of stay was associated with higher risk of cancer. After adjusting for age, neighborhood income, and length of stay, those born in Europe and Central Asia had the highest risk of colorectal cancer compared to those born in East Asia and Pacific and those born in the Middle East had the greatest additional risk of breast cancer.
conclusionsAfter correcting for age, breast and colorectal cancer incidence rates among immigrants differ according to their region of birth and recent immigrants to Ontario have lower colorectal and breast cancer incidence rates than their native-born peers. However, those advantages diminish over time. These findings call for Ontario to generate tools and interventions to maintain the health of the immigrant population, particularly for those groups with a higher incidence of cancer.
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