Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29737428›Full record

ArticleClinical oral investigations2019

The ratios of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of chronic periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes and/or smoking habit.

Tamires Szeremeske Miranda, Sílvia Lacerda Heluy, Daniele Ferreira Cruz, Hélio Doyle Pereira da Silva, Magda Feres, Luciene Cristina Figueiredo, Poliana Mendes Duarte

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
4.6field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. Impact of LiveMicroorganisms · 2025
    Article
  12. Serum cytokines in periodontal diseases.Periodontology 2000 · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Tamires Szeremeske MirandaDepartment of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil.
Sílvia Lacerda HeluyDepartment of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil.
Daniele Ferreira CruzDepartment of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil.
Hélio Doyle Pereira da SilvaDepartment of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil.
Magda FeresDepartment of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil.
Luciene Cristina FigueiredoDepartment of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil.
Poliana Mendes DuarteDepartment of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil. poliduarte@yahoo.com.
Guarulhos University · BR

Funding

São Paulo State Research Foundation, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 2013/10354-4
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study assessed the impact of chronic periodontitis (CP) and CP associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or smoking on the serum ratios of pro- to anti-inflammatory cytokines. MATERIALS AND

methodsSubjects were assigned into one of the following groups: control (n = 25, non-diabetic non-smokers with no history of periodontitis), CP (n = 26, non-diabetic non-smokers with CP), DMCP (n = 30, non-smokers with DM and CP), SCP (n = 27, non-diabetic smokers with CP), and SDMCP (n = 22, smokers with type 2 DM and CP). Serum levels of 18 cytokines were measured using multiplex immunoassays.

resultsSix ratios of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in the CP group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Eleven, seventeen and nine ratios of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in the DMCP, SCP and SDMCP groups than in the control group, respectively (p < 0.05). The SCP group presented higher serum ratios of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interleukin (IL)-4, TNF-α/IL-5, IL-17/IL-13 and IL-6/IL-13 (p < 0.05) than the CP group. Cluster analysis revealed a relevant cluster composed of ten cytokines (IL-17, IL-23, interferon-γ, IL-12, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-21, IL-6, IL-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]) in the serum of subjects from the DMCP group.

conclusionsThe ratios of pro- to anti-inflammatory cytokines shift to favor a pro-inflammatory status in the serum of patients with CP and even more when CP is associated with one or both risk factors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CP and CP associated with hyperglycemia and/or smoking might contribute to a systemic inflammatory burden and increased risk of systemic complications.

Indexed as

AdultAgedBrazilChronic PeriodontitisCytokinesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHumansImmunoassayMaleMiddle AgedSmokingCytokinesChronic periodontitisCytokinesDiabetes mellitusSmoking

Identifiers

PMID29737428
OpenAlexW2799340092

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.