Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29735668›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2018

Modeling combination therapy for breast cancer with BET and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Xiulan Lai, Andrew Stiff, Megan Duggan, Robert Wesolowski, William E Carson, Avner Friedman

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  7. Modeling combination chemo-immunotherapy for heterogeneous tumors.Quantitative biology (Beijing, China) · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
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  11. Hepatocellular carcinoma: signaling pathways and therapeutic advances.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Xiulan LaiInstitute for Mathematical Sciences, Renmin University of China, 100872 Beijing, P. R. China.ORCID 0000-0002-2764-8937
Andrew StiffMedical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
Megan DugganDepartment of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
Robert WesolowskiStefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212.
William E CarsonDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
Avner FriedmanMathematical Bioscience Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; afriedman@math.osu.edu.
The Ohio State University · USRenmin University of China · CNThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center · US

Funding

Translational Therapeutics Research Program (TT)P30CA016058 · NCI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI Jennifer A. Woyach · 1985 to 2026
$132.3M
TWO SIGNAL REQUIREMENT FOR NATURAL KILLER IMMUNITYP01CA095426 · NCI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI TRIDANDAPANI, SUSHEELA · 2002 to 2016
$29.6M
A Program of Immune-Based Treatments for CancerK24CA093670 · NCI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI CARSON, WILLIAM E. · 2002 to 2012
$1.7M
NCI NIH HHS K24 CA093670NCI NIH HHS P01 CA095426NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016058
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

CTLA-4 is an immune checkpoint expressed on active anticancer T cells. When it combines with its ligand B7 on dendritic cells, it inhibits the activity of the T cells. The Bromo- and Extra-Terminal (BET) protein family includes proteins that regulate the expression of key oncogenes and antiapoptotic proteins. BET inhibitor (BETi) has been shown to reduce the expression of MYC by suppressing its transcription factors and to down-regulate the hypoxic transcriptome response to VEGF-A. This paper develops a mathematical model of the treatment of cancer by combination therapy of BETi and CTLA-4 inhibitor. The model shows that the two drugs are positively correlated in the sense that the tumor volume decreases as the dose of each of the drugs is increased. The model also considers the effect of the combined therapy on levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and the overexpression of TNF-α, which may predict gastrointestinal side effects of the combination.

Indexed as

Models, TheoreticalAnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsB7-H1 AntigenBreast NeoplasmsBromodomain Containing ProteinsCTLA-4 AntigenDisease Models, AnimalDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansMiceProteinsAntineoplastic AgentsB7-H1 Antigenbromodomain and extra-terminal domain protein, humanBromodomain Containing ProteinsCTLA-4 AntigenProteinsanti–PD-L1BET inhibitorcombination therapymathematical model

Identifiers

PMID29735668
PMCPMC6003484
OpenAlexW2800672148

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.