SynthesisJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2018
Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children With Down Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 81 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Control Trial of Oxygen Therapy in Children and Adolescents With Down Syndrome and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Comparison of a Demand Oxygen Delivery to Continuous Flow for Administration of Oxygen During Sleep
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 191 citations in OpenAlex.
- Positive Airway Pressure and Metabolic Markers in Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Respiratory care · 2024Pooled it
- Dental Appliances for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- Sleep disorders in Down syndrome: a systematic review.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2022Pooled it
- Long-Term Non-invasive Ventilation in Children With Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Sleep disorders in rare genetic syndromes: a meta-analysis of prevalence and profile.Molecular autism · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence and incidence of physical health conditions in people with intellectual disability - a systematic review.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association between upper airway obstruction and pulmonary hypertension in children with Down syndrome.Current opinion in pulmonary medicine · 2026Review
- Oral Health and Dental Management of Children With Down Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Structural MRI across lifespan reveals differential thalamic trajectories in Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Multidimensional Sleep Health of Toddlers With Down Syndrome: A Descriptive Study Guided by the Pediatric Sleep Health Framework.The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association · 2026Article
- Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Therapy for Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Meta-Analysis.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Indications for Adenoidectomy and Tonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children and Adolescents.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Sleep in Infants with Down Syndrome or Familial Likelihood of Autism in the First Year of Life.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular complications in children with Down syndrome and sleep disordered breathing.Paediatric respiratory reviews · 2025Review
- Co-Occurring Conditions and Sleep Symptoms Associated With Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children With Down Syndrome.Pediatric pulmonology · 2025Article
- Polysomnographic Profile and Clinical Phenotypes of Osa in Association with Residual Sleep Apnea in Children.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy: Investigating a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with and Without Down Syndrome-A Study Protocol.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Rethinking Otorhinolaryngologic Care Pathways in Children with Down Syndrome: A Multidisciplinary Framework for Early Diagnosis and Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Assessment of Positional Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2025Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesTo estimate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with Down syndrome.
methodsTwo authors independently searched databases, namely PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Review database. The keywords used were "Down syndrome," "Trisomy 21," "OSA," "sleep apnea syndromes," "polysomnography" and "polygraphy." The prevalence of OSA based on apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) greater than 1, 1.5, 2, 5, and 10 event/h was estimated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted for children in different countries, sample size, study year, and risk of bias. Finally, the prevalence of OSA was compared between two types of sleep studies (polysomnography versus polygraphy).
resultsA total of 18 studies (1,200 children) were included (mean age: 7.7 years; 56% boys; mean sample size: 67 patients). Five studies had low risk of bias, and nine and four studies had moderate and high risk of bias, respectively. The OSA was evaluated through polygraphy in 2 studies, and polysomnography in 16 studies. For children who underwent polysomnography, the prevalences of OSA based on AHI > 1, 1.5, 2, 5, and 10 events/h were 69%, 76%, 75%, 50%, and 34%, respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant difference among all subgroups. Meta-regression showed that AHI > 5 events/h was inversely correlated with age (
conclusionsOSA is highly prevalent in children with Down syndrome. Prevalence of moderate to severe OSA is higher in younger age.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.